Lymphatic System Flashcards
If the thymus failed to produce thymic hormones, what population of lymphocytes would be affected?
T lymphocytes
Why do lymph nodes enlarge during some infections?
Due to phagocytic and lymphatic cell division
What is a dangerous consequence of lymphedema in a limb?
accumulation of toxins and pathogens due to stagnant interstitial fluids
What effects to pyrogens have in the body?
Increase temperature/cause fever
What are the characteristics or functions of nonspecific defenses?
present at birth, destruction of abnormal cells by NK cells, and interferons coordinating defenses against viral infections
How do interferons increase resistance to viral infections?
They interfere with viral replication inside the cells
Why would the liver, lungs, and CNS be affected by a low monocyte count in blood?
Kupffer cells, alveolar macrophages, and microglia are derived from monocytes
What is not an effect of complement activation?
Reducing inflammation
A decrease in the number of cytotoxic T cells directly affects which type of immunity?
cell-mediated immunity
The spleen is ____.
a fragile organ that can rupture easily, the site where red blood cells are recycled, and the site where B and T cells can respond to antigens in circulating blood.
What correctly describes the sequence of WBCs responsible for overcoming an infection?
Neutrophils and NK cells -> phagocytes/cytotoxic T cells -> plasma cells
How is the secondary response affected if memory B cells for a particular antigen are absent?
The secondary response would not occur.
How does the absence of helper T cells affect the antibody-mediated immune response?
Neither B cells nor T cells are stimulated to respond to a pathogen; therefore, no immune response occurs
What conditions can be determined with a skin test?
If a person has been exposed to an antigen
Which kind of immunity protects a developing fetus, and how is that immunity produced?
Natural passive immunity; the transfer of IgG antibodies from the mother to the fetus through the placenta.
Who is the sexiest mother fucker you know and love?
Kim Cain <3
The formation of an antigen-antibody complex may cause elimination of the antigen in what way?
the antibody binds to a site on a virus making the toxin incapable of attaching itself to a cell, an antibody binds to antigenic determinant sites on two different antigens, and antigens covered with antibodies attract phagocytes
Artificially acquired passive immunity ____, while artificially acquired active immunity ____.
is conferred by administration of antibodies; develops after administration of an antigen to prevent disease.
Which analogy is most appropriate for comparing the interaction of an antibody’s active site binding with an antigen?
An enzyme interacting with a substrate molecule.
A tumor cell has developed and begun to divide in Amy’s liver. What type of immune cells will be able to detect and kill the tumor cells?
natural killer cells
David suffers from rheumatoid arthritis. What is the term for this type of immune disorder?
autoimmune disease
What are the best medications to use for tissue rejection in organ transplants?
cyclosporine A because it will decrease helper T cells
How can the presence of an abnormal peptide in the cytoplasm of a cell initiate an immune response?
by becoming attached to NHC and being presented to T cells.
Denise is allergic to pollen. What is an allergy and how is allergy to pollen classified?
an inappropriate or exaggerated immune response; immediate hypersensitivity
Why is having both cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity integral to a healthy immune system?
T cells defend against pathogens inside cells, while B cells defend against antigens in body fluids.
