respiratory system

Question 1

structure of the respiratory system

Answer 1

• two lungs
• trachea
• bronchi
• bronchioles
• alveoli

Question 2

alveoli

Answer 2

gas exchange occurs and O2 moves from the air to the blood in the pulmonary circulation, and CO2 moves from the blood to the air

Question 3

movement of air

Answer 3

Air moves into the lungs by the inspiratory muscles (diaphragm and accessory muscles), air moves out usually passively due to elastic recoil of the lung tissue. If it becomes active expiration (i.e. in exercise), abdominals assist exhalation.

Question 4

external respiration

Answer 4

movement of O2 and CO2 between the air in the alveoli and blood in the pulmonary capillaries

Question 5

what is external respiration driven by

Answer 5

• the diffusion differences between the oxygen and carbon dioxide differences
• Hb has a strong affinity for O2 and it will quickly move to that within the RBC
• CO2 is soluble and passes through the cells more quickly and easily than O2

Question 6

internal respiration

Answer 6

the gas exchange at the cells

Question 7

what is internal respiration driven by

Answer 7

• low concentrations of O2 at a tissue level, the Hb is much more ready to given up it’s O2.
• The presence of CO2 will further decreased the affinity of Hb and O2 which encourages Hb to give up O2

Question 8

response to exercise at the lungs

Answer 8

• unclear mechanism
• increased alveolar ventilation
• expiration becomes active to increase RR
• increased oxygen diffusion capacity

Question 9

response to exercise at the tissues

Answer 9

• heavy exercise skeletal muscle takes up 95% of oxygen consumptions
• sympathetic discharge diverts blood to working skeletal muscles
• affinity of Hb and O2 reduces in the presence of Co2
• increased temp
• H+ ions
• 2,3 Bisphosphatoglycerate
• increased myoglobin = oxygen binding found in skeletal muscle