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Anatomy and Physiology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

consists of the structures used to acquire oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the blood

A

Respiratory System

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2
Q

enumerate the seven structures that make up the respiratory system

A
  1. external nose
  2. nasal cavity
  3. pharynx
  4. larynx
  5. trachea
  6. bronchi
  7. lungs
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3
Q

it is what we call breathing, and is critical for homeostasis

A

respiration

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4
Q

what are the two aspects of respiration

A

ventilation and respiration

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5
Q

movement of air into and out of the lungs

A

ventilation

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6
Q

diffusion of gasses through membranes

A

respiration

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7
Q

two types of respiration in the body are?

A

external respiration
internal respiration

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8
Q

a type of respiration that’s the movement of gasses between atmospheric air in the lungs and blood

A

external respiration

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9
Q

a type of respiration that’s the movement of gasses between the blood and the body’s cells

A

internal respiration

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10
Q

respiratory tract divided into two:

A

upper respi tract
lower respi tract

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11
Q

where are conducting zone?

A

from the nose to the smallest air tubes within the lungs

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12
Q

what zone is from the nose to the smallest air tubes within the lungs and is strictly for ventilation only

A

conducting zone

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13
Q

asa ang respiratory zone?

A

solely within the lungs and including some specialized air tubes and the alveol

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14
Q

enumerate the four simultaneous processes essential to accomplish gas exchange between the air and the blood

A
  1. ventilation
  2. external respiration
  3. gas exchange
  4. internal respiration
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15
Q

enumerate the other functions of the respiratory system aside from respiration.

A
  1. regulation of blood ph
  2. production of chemical mediators
  3. voice production
  4. olfaction
  5. protection
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16
Q

the sudden application of pressure to the abdomen

A

Heimlich Maneuver

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17
Q

the insertion of a tube into n opening, a canal, or a hollow organ

A

intubation

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18
Q

to create an opening through the membrane between the cricoid and the thyroid cartilage

A

cricothyrotomy

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19
Q

opening into the trache

A

tracheostomy

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20
Q

actual cutting into the trachea

A

tracheotomy

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21
Q

what is the primary source of sound production?

A

vocal fold / vocal cords

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22
Q

consists of external nose and nasal cavity

A

nose

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23
Q

it is a visible structure that forms a prominent feature on the face

A

external nose

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24
Q

what kind of cartilage ang nose?

A

hyaline cartilage

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25
Q

the open chamber inside the nose where air first enters the respiratory system

A

nasal cavity

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26
Q

the nasal cavity begins at the anterior external openings called ____

A

nares

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27
Q

posterior opening os nasal cavity in the pharynx

A

choanae

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28
Q

floor of nasal cavity separating it from the oral cavity

A

hard palate

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29
Q

it a wall of tissue that separates the two halves of the nasal cavity

A

nasal septum

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30
Q

the three lateral body ridges in the nasal cavity are called?

A

conchae

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31
Q

it is the inflammation of the mucus membrane of a sinus

A

sinusitis

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32
Q

enumerate the five functions of the nasal cavity

A
  1. serves as the passageway for air
  2. cleans the air
  3. humidifies the air
  4. contains olfactory epithelium
  5. helps determine voice sound
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33
Q

it is the common opening of both the digestive and respiratory system

A

pharynx

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34
Q

also referred to as the throat

A

pharynx

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35
Q

enumerate the three regions of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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36
Q

most superior portion of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx

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37
Q

the nasopharynx is superior to the ____

A

soft palate

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38
Q

the extension of the soft palate is called?

A

uvula

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39
Q

enumerate the three tonsils

A

pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
Palatine tonsil
lingual tonsil

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40
Q

it is the tonsil that helps defend the body against infection

A

pharyngeal tonsil / adenoids

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41
Q

continuation of nasopharynx, and middle portion of the pharynx

A

oropharynx

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42
Q

continuation of the oropharynx

A

laryngopharynx

43
Q

commonly known as the voicebox

A

larynx

44
Q

enumerate the list of cartilages that make up the larynx

A
  1. thyroid cartilage
  2. cricoid cartilage
  3. epiglottis
  4. arytenoid cartilage
  5. corniculate cartilages
  6. cuneiform cartilages
45
Q

also known as adam’s apple

A

thyroid cartilage

46
Q

what kind of cartilage is the epiglottis?

A

elastic cartilage

47
Q

it is also called as the false vocal cords

A

vestibular folds

48
Q

it is the true vocal cord

A

vocal folds

49
Q

it i when the vocal cords are inflamed and person loses their voice

A

laryngitis

50
Q

also known as the windpipe and allows air to flow into the lungs

A

trachea

51
Q

these are c shaped cartilages that make up the trachea

A

tracheal rings

52
Q

unsay shape sa tracheal rings?

A

c-shaped duh

53
Q

how many tracheal rings saimohang trachea?

A

15-20 C-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage

54
Q

this type of cell produces mucus and traps inspired dust, bacteria, and other foreign matters

A

goblet cells

55
Q

the trachea divides to form two smaller tubes called?

A

main bronchi or primary bronchi

56
Q

the location where the trachea divides into two main bronchi

A

carina

57
Q

this consists of the trachea and the network of air tubes in the lungs

A

tracheobronchial tree

58
Q

what is the respiratory epithelium?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

59
Q

also called as the secondary bronchi

A

lobar bronchi

60
Q

enumerate the four classes of air passageway from largest to smallest

A
  1. lobar bronchi
  2. segmental bronchi
  3. bronchioles
  4. terminal bronchioles
61
Q

result from continued branching of the segmental bronchi

A

bronchioles

61
Q

when smooth muslces contract making the bronchiole’s diameter smaller. naa ni sa mga asthmatic

A

bronchoconstriction

61
Q

supply subdivisions within each lobe

A

segmental bronchi

61
Q
A
62
Q

diri mag end ang conducing zone

A

terminal bronchioles

62
Q

it is when smooth muscles relax, making the bronchiole diameter larger

A

bronchodilation

63
Q

site of external respiration

A

alveoli

64
Q

medication for asthma

A

albuterol

65
Q

levels of branching from terminal bronchiole to alveoli, largest to smallet

A
  1. respiratory bromchioles
  2. alveolar ducts
  3. alveolar sacs
66
Q

______ have few attached alveoli

A

respiratory bronchioles

67
Q

arise from respirator bronchioles. long branching hallways with many open doorways

A

alveolar ducts

68
Q

chambers connected to two or more alveoli at the end of an alveolar duct

A

alveolar sac

69
Q

what two types of cells make up the alveolar wall

A
  1. simple squamous epithelium
  2. surfactant-secreting cells
70
Q

approximately how many alveoli are in the two lungs

A

300 million

71
Q

average diameter of alveoli?

A

250micrometers

72
Q

the alveolar walls and surrounding pulmonary capillaries form the _______

A

respiratory membrane

73
Q

the respiratory membrane is made up of

A
  1. alveolar walls
  2. surrounding pulmonary capillaries
74
Q

components of respiratory membrane

A
  1. alveolar layer
  2. interstitial space
  3. capillary endothelial layer
75
Q

enumerate the individual layers of the respiratory membrane

A
  1. thin layer of alveolar fluid
  2. alveolar epithelium
  3. basement membrane of alveolar epithelium
  4. interstitial space
  5. basement membrane of capillary endothelium
  6. capillary endothelium
76
Q

it is the space enclosed by the thoracic wall and diaphragm

A

thoracic cavity

77
Q

enumerate the components of the thoracic wall

A
  1. thoracic vertebrae
  2. ribs
  3. costal cartilages
  4. sternum
  5. associated muscles
78
Q

primary organs of respiration

A

lungs duh

79
Q

the part of the lung that extends to the clavicle

A

apex

80
Q

part of the lung that’s in contact with the diaphragm

A

base

81
Q

it is where structures such as the main bronchus, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels, enter or exit the lung

A

hilum

82
Q

how many lobes in right lung?

A

3

83
Q

how many lobes in left lung

A

2

84
Q

the left lung has a medial indentation called

A

cardiac notch

85
Q

the lobes of the lungs are further subdivided into?

A

bronchopulmonary segment

86
Q

how many bronchopulmonary segment in left lung?

A

9

87
Q

how many bronchopulmonary segments in right lung?

A

10

88
Q

the bronchopulmonary segments are further subdivided into ______

A

lobules

89
Q

measuring volumes of air that move into and out of the respiratory system

A

spirometry

90
Q

device used to measure pulmonary volumes

A

spirometer

91
Q

it is the reflex that limits the depth of inspiration and prevents overinflation of the lungs

A

Hering-Breuer reflex

92
Q

inflammation of the bronchi

A

bronchitis

93
Q

destruction of alveolar walls

A

emphysema

94
Q

a branch of the descending aorta, they carry oxygenated blood to the lungs

A

bronchial artery

95
Q

it’s like when ur thoracic cavity is filled with puss

A

empyema

96
Q

how much is the normal blood ph

A

7.35-7.45

97
Q

if the ph level of blood is below 7.35 it is _______

A

acidosis

98
Q

if the ph level of blood is above 7.45 it is _____

A

alkalosis

99
Q

enumerate the muscles of inspiration

A

D - Diaphragm
E - external intercostal
P- Pectoralis minor
S - Scalene muscles

100
Q

enumerate the muslces of expiration

A

I - Internal Intercostal
T - Transverse Thoracis
A - Abdominal Muscles

Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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