Respiratory System Flashcards
consists of the structures used to acquire oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the blood
Respiratory System
enumerate the seven structures that make up the respiratory system
- external nose
- nasal cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- lungs
it is what we call breathing, and is critical for homeostasis
respiration
what are the two aspects of respiration
ventilation and respiration
movement of air into and out of the lungs
ventilation
diffusion of gasses through membranes
respiration
two types of respiration in the body are?
external respiration
internal respiration
a type of respiration that’s the movement of gasses between atmospheric air in the lungs and blood
external respiration
a type of respiration that’s the movement of gasses between the blood and the body’s cells
internal respiration
respiratory tract divided into two:
upper respi tract
lower respi tract
where are conducting zone?
from the nose to the smallest air tubes within the lungs
what zone is from the nose to the smallest air tubes within the lungs and is strictly for ventilation only
conducting zone
asa ang respiratory zone?
solely within the lungs and including some specialized air tubes and the alveol
enumerate the four simultaneous processes essential to accomplish gas exchange between the air and the blood
- ventilation
- external respiration
- gas exchange
- internal respiration
enumerate the other functions of the respiratory system aside from respiration.
- regulation of blood ph
- production of chemical mediators
- voice production
- olfaction
- protection
the sudden application of pressure to the abdomen
Heimlich Maneuver
the insertion of a tube into n opening, a canal, or a hollow organ
intubation
to create an opening through the membrane between the cricoid and the thyroid cartilage
cricothyrotomy
opening into the trache
tracheostomy
actual cutting into the trachea
tracheotomy
what is the primary source of sound production?
vocal fold / vocal cords
consists of external nose and nasal cavity
nose
it is a visible structure that forms a prominent feature on the face
external nose
what kind of cartilage ang nose?
hyaline cartilage
the open chamber inside the nose where air first enters the respiratory system
nasal cavity
the nasal cavity begins at the anterior external openings called ____
nares
posterior opening os nasal cavity in the pharynx
choanae
floor of nasal cavity separating it from the oral cavity
hard palate
it a wall of tissue that separates the two halves of the nasal cavity
nasal septum
the three lateral body ridges in the nasal cavity are called?
conchae
it is the inflammation of the mucus membrane of a sinus
sinusitis
enumerate the five functions of the nasal cavity
- serves as the passageway for air
- cleans the air
- humidifies the air
- contains olfactory epithelium
- helps determine voice sound
it is the common opening of both the digestive and respiratory system
pharynx
also referred to as the throat
pharynx
enumerate the three regions of the pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
most superior portion of the pharynx
nasopharynx
the nasopharynx is superior to the ____
soft palate
the extension of the soft palate is called?
uvula
enumerate the three tonsils
pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
Palatine tonsil
lingual tonsil
it is the tonsil that helps defend the body against infection
pharyngeal tonsil / adenoids
continuation of nasopharynx, and middle portion of the pharynx
oropharynx
continuation of the oropharynx
laryngopharynx
commonly known as the voicebox
larynx
enumerate the list of cartilages that make up the larynx
- thyroid cartilage
- cricoid cartilage
- epiglottis
- arytenoid cartilage
- corniculate cartilages
- cuneiform cartilages
also known as adam’s apple
thyroid cartilage
what kind of cartilage is the epiglottis?
elastic cartilage
it is also called as the false vocal cords
vestibular folds
it is the true vocal cord
vocal folds
it i when the vocal cords are inflamed and person loses their voice
laryngitis
also known as the windpipe and allows air to flow into the lungs
trachea
these are c shaped cartilages that make up the trachea
tracheal rings
unsay shape sa tracheal rings?
c-shaped duh
how many tracheal rings saimohang trachea?
15-20 C-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage
this type of cell produces mucus and traps inspired dust, bacteria, and other foreign matters
goblet cells
the trachea divides to form two smaller tubes called?
main bronchi or primary bronchi
the location where the trachea divides into two main bronchi
carina
this consists of the trachea and the network of air tubes in the lungs
tracheobronchial tree
what is the respiratory epithelium?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
also called as the secondary bronchi
lobar bronchi
enumerate the four classes of air passageway from largest to smallest
- lobar bronchi
- segmental bronchi
- bronchioles
- terminal bronchioles
result from continued branching of the segmental bronchi
bronchioles
when smooth muslces contract making the bronchiole’s diameter smaller. naa ni sa mga asthmatic
bronchoconstriction
supply subdivisions within each lobe
segmental bronchi
diri mag end ang conducing zone
terminal bronchioles
it is when smooth muscles relax, making the bronchiole diameter larger
bronchodilation
site of external respiration
alveoli
medication for asthma
albuterol
levels of branching from terminal bronchiole to alveoli, largest to smallet
- respiratory bromchioles
- alveolar ducts
- alveolar sacs
______ have few attached alveoli
respiratory bronchioles
arise from respirator bronchioles. long branching hallways with many open doorways
alveolar ducts
chambers connected to two or more alveoli at the end of an alveolar duct
alveolar sac
what two types of cells make up the alveolar wall
- simple squamous epithelium
- surfactant-secreting cells
approximately how many alveoli are in the two lungs
300 million
average diameter of alveoli?
250micrometers
the alveolar walls and surrounding pulmonary capillaries form the _______
respiratory membrane
the respiratory membrane is made up of
- alveolar walls
- surrounding pulmonary capillaries
components of respiratory membrane
- alveolar layer
- interstitial space
- capillary endothelial layer
enumerate the individual layers of the respiratory membrane
- thin layer of alveolar fluid
- alveolar epithelium
- basement membrane of alveolar epithelium
- interstitial space
- basement membrane of capillary endothelium
- capillary endothelium
it is the space enclosed by the thoracic wall and diaphragm
thoracic cavity
enumerate the components of the thoracic wall
- thoracic vertebrae
- ribs
- costal cartilages
- sternum
- associated muscles
primary organs of respiration
lungs duh
the part of the lung that extends to the clavicle
apex
part of the lung that’s in contact with the diaphragm
base
it is where structures such as the main bronchus, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels, enter or exit the lung
hilum
how many lobes in right lung?
3
how many lobes in left lung
2
the left lung has a medial indentation called
cardiac notch
the lobes of the lungs are further subdivided into?
bronchopulmonary segment
how many bronchopulmonary segment in left lung?
9
how many bronchopulmonary segments in right lung?
10
the bronchopulmonary segments are further subdivided into ______
lobules
measuring volumes of air that move into and out of the respiratory system
spirometry
device used to measure pulmonary volumes
spirometer
it is the reflex that limits the depth of inspiration and prevents overinflation of the lungs
Hering-Breuer reflex
inflammation of the bronchi
bronchitis
destruction of alveolar walls
emphysema
a branch of the descending aorta, they carry oxygenated blood to the lungs
bronchial artery
it’s like when ur thoracic cavity is filled with puss
empyema
how much is the normal blood ph
7.35-7.45
if the ph level of blood is below 7.35 it is _______
acidosis
if the ph level of blood is above 7.45 it is _____
alkalosis
enumerate the muscles of inspiration
D - Diaphragm
E - external intercostal
P- Pectoralis minor
S - Scalene muscles
enumerate the muslces of expiration
I - Internal Intercostal
T - Transverse Thoracis
A - Abdominal Muscles
