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Anatomy and Physiology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

consists of the structures used to acquire oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the blood

A

Respiratory System

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2
Q

enumerate the seven structures that make up the respiratory system

A
  1. external nose
  2. nasal cavity
  3. pharynx
  4. larynx
  5. trachea
  6. bronchi
  7. lungs
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3
Q

it is what we call breathing, and is critical for homeostasis

A

respiration

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4
Q

what are the two aspects of respiration

A

ventilation and respiration

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5
Q

movement of air into and out of the lungs

A

ventilation

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6
Q

diffusion of gasses through membranes

A

respiration

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7
Q

two types of respiration in the body are?

A

external respiration
internal respiration

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8
Q

a type of respiration that’s the movement of gasses between atmospheric air in the lungs and blood

A

external respiration

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9
Q

a type of respiration that’s the movement of gasses between the blood and the body’s cells

A

internal respiration

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10
Q

respiratory tract divided into two:

A

upper respi tract
lower respi tract

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11
Q

where are conducting zone?

A

from the nose to the smallest air tubes within the lungs

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12
Q

what zone is from the nose to the smallest air tubes within the lungs and is strictly for ventilation only

A

conducting zone

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13
Q

asa ang respiratory zone?

A

solely within the lungs and including some specialized air tubes and the alveol

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14
Q

enumerate the four simultaneous processes essential to accomplish gas exchange between the air and the blood

A
  1. ventilation
  2. external respiration
  3. gas exchange
  4. internal respiration
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15
Q

enumerate the other functions of the respiratory system aside from respiration.

A
  1. regulation of blood ph
  2. production of chemical mediators
  3. voice production
  4. olfaction
  5. protection
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16
Q

the sudden application of pressure to the abdomen

A

Heimlich Maneuver

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17
Q

the insertion of a tube into n opening, a canal, or a hollow organ

A

intubation

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18
Q

to create an opening through the membrane between the cricoid and the thyroid cartilage

A

cricothyrotomy

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19
Q

opening into the trache

A

tracheostomy

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20
Q

actual cutting into the trachea

A

tracheotomy

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21
Q

what is the primary source of sound production?

A

vocal fold / vocal cords

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22
Q

consists of external nose and nasal cavity

A

nose

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23
Q

it is a visible structure that forms a prominent feature on the face

A

external nose

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24
Q

what kind of cartilage ang nose?

A

hyaline cartilage

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25
the open chamber inside the nose where air first enters the respiratory system
nasal cavity
26
the nasal cavity begins at the anterior external openings called ____
nares
27
posterior opening os nasal cavity in the pharynx
choanae
28
floor of nasal cavity separating it from the oral cavity
hard palate
29
it a wall of tissue that separates the two halves of the nasal cavity
nasal septum
30
the three lateral body ridges in the nasal cavity are called?
conchae
31
it is the inflammation of the mucus membrane of a sinus
sinusitis
32
enumerate the five functions of the nasal cavity
1. serves as the passageway for air 2. cleans the air 3. humidifies the air 4. contains olfactory epithelium 5. helps determine voice sound
33
it is the common opening of both the digestive and respiratory system
pharynx
34
also referred to as the throat
pharynx
35
enumerate the three regions of the pharynx
nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx
36
most superior portion of the pharynx
nasopharynx
37
the nasopharynx is superior to the ____
soft palate
38
the extension of the soft palate is called?
uvula
39
enumerate the three tonsils
pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids) Palatine tonsil lingual tonsil
40
it is the tonsil that helps defend the body against infection
pharyngeal tonsil / adenoids
41
continuation of nasopharynx, and middle portion of the pharynx
oropharynx
42
continuation of the oropharynx
laryngopharynx
43
commonly known as the voicebox
larynx
44
enumerate the list of cartilages that make up the larynx
1. thyroid cartilage 2. cricoid cartilage 3. epiglottis 4. arytenoid cartilage 5. corniculate cartilages 6. cuneiform cartilages
45
also known as adam's apple
thyroid cartilage
46
what kind of cartilage is the epiglottis?
elastic cartilage
47
it is also called as the false vocal cords
vestibular folds
48
it is the true vocal cord
vocal folds
49
it i when the vocal cords are inflamed and person loses their voice
laryngitis
50
also known as the windpipe and allows air to flow into the lungs
trachea
51
these are c shaped cartilages that make up the trachea
tracheal rings
52
unsay shape sa tracheal rings?
c-shaped duh
53
how many tracheal rings saimohang trachea?
15-20 C-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage
54
this type of cell produces mucus and traps inspired dust, bacteria, and other foreign matters
goblet cells
55
the trachea divides to form two smaller tubes called?
main bronchi or primary bronchi
56
the location where the trachea divides into two main bronchi
carina
57
this consists of the trachea and the network of air tubes in the lungs
tracheobronchial tree
58
what is the respiratory epithelium?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
59
also called as the secondary bronchi
lobar bronchi
60
enumerate the four classes of air passageway from largest to smallest
1. lobar bronchi 2. segmental bronchi 3. bronchioles 4. terminal bronchioles
61
result from continued branching of the segmental bronchi
bronchioles
61
when smooth muslces contract making the bronchiole's diameter smaller. naa ni sa mga asthmatic
bronchoconstriction
61
supply subdivisions within each lobe
segmental bronchi
61
62
diri mag end ang conducing zone
terminal bronchioles
62
it is when smooth muscles relax, making the bronchiole diameter larger
bronchodilation
63
site of external respiration
alveoli
64
medication for asthma
albuterol
65
levels of branching from terminal bronchiole to alveoli, largest to smallet
1. respiratory bromchioles 2. alveolar ducts 3. alveolar sacs
66
______ have few attached alveoli
respiratory bronchioles
67
arise from respirator bronchioles. long branching hallways with many open doorways
alveolar ducts
68
chambers connected to two or more alveoli at the end of an alveolar duct
alveolar sac
69
what two types of cells make up the alveolar wall
1. simple squamous epithelium 2. surfactant-secreting cells
70
approximately how many alveoli are in the two lungs
300 million
71
average diameter of alveoli?
250micrometers
72
the alveolar walls and surrounding pulmonary capillaries form the _______
respiratory membrane
73
the respiratory membrane is made up of
1. alveolar walls 2. surrounding pulmonary capillaries
74
components of respiratory membrane
1. alveolar layer 2. interstitial space 3. capillary endothelial layer
75
enumerate the individual layers of the respiratory membrane
1. thin layer of alveolar fluid 2. alveolar epithelium 3. basement membrane of alveolar epithelium 4. interstitial space 5. basement membrane of capillary endothelium 6. capillary endothelium
76
it is the space enclosed by the thoracic wall and diaphragm
thoracic cavity
77
enumerate the components of the thoracic wall
1. thoracic vertebrae 2. ribs 3. costal cartilages 4. sternum 5. associated muscles
78
primary organs of respiration
lungs duh
79
the part of the lung that extends to the clavicle
apex
80
part of the lung that's in contact with the diaphragm
base
81
it is where structures such as the main bronchus, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels, enter or exit the lung
hilum
82
how many lobes in right lung?
3
83
how many lobes in left lung
2
84
the left lung has a medial indentation called
cardiac notch
85
the lobes of the lungs are further subdivided into?
bronchopulmonary segment
86
how many bronchopulmonary segment in left lung?
9
87
how many bronchopulmonary segments in right lung?
10
88
the bronchopulmonary segments are further subdivided into ______
lobules
89
measuring volumes of air that move into and out of the respiratory system
spirometry
90
device used to measure pulmonary volumes
spirometer
91
it is the reflex that limits the depth of inspiration and prevents overinflation of the lungs
Hering-Breuer reflex
92
inflammation of the bronchi
bronchitis
93
destruction of alveolar walls
emphysema
94
a branch of the descending aorta, they carry oxygenated blood to the lungs
bronchial artery
95
it's like when ur thoracic cavity is filled with puss
empyema
96
how much is the normal blood ph
7.35-7.45
97
if the ph level of blood is below 7.35 it is _______
acidosis
98
if the ph level of blood is above 7.45 it is _____
alkalosis
99
enumerate the muscles of inspiration
D - Diaphragm E - external intercostal P- Pectoralis minor S - Scalene muscles
100
enumerate the muslces of expiration
I - Internal Intercostal T - Transverse Thoracis A - Abdominal Muscles

Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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