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Anatomy and Physiology > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

the heart, the blood vessels, and the blood make up the _______

A

cardiovascular system

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2
Q

the heart of a healthy adult at rest pumps approximately how much blood per minute?

A

5 liters of blood per minute

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3
Q

the right side of the heart pumps to where?

A

the lungs back to the left side of the heart

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4
Q

it is when the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs and back to the left side

A

pulmonary circulation

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5
Q

it is when the left side of the heart pumps blood to all the other tissues of the body

A

systematic circulation

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6
Q

enumerate the functions of the heart

A
  1. generating blood pressure
  2. routing blood
  3. ensuring one-way flow of blood
  4. regulating blood supply
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7
Q

the heart is shaped like a ___

A

blunt cone

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8
Q

rounded point of the heart is the _____ and the opposite flat part of the heart is called the _____

A

apex, base

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9
Q

what do you call the midline partition that consists of the heart, trachea, espohagus

A

mediastinum

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10
Q

what do you call the own cavity of the heart?

A

pericardial cavity

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11
Q

meaning of cpr

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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12
Q

it surrounds the heart and anchors it to the medistinum, forms the pericardial cavity

A

pericardium

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13
Q

enumerate the two layers of the pericardium

A
  1. fibrous pericardium
  2. serous pericardium
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14
Q

outer layer or perocardium, tough and made of fibrous connective tissue

A

fibrous pericardiumn

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15
Q

inner layer of pericardium, made of thin flat epithelial cells and thin layer of connective tissues

A

serous pericardium

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16
Q

it is when the serous pericardium is inflammed

A

pericarditis

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17
Q

it is when fluid or blood accumulates in the pericardial cavity and compresses the heart from the outside

A

cardiac tamponade

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18
Q

enumerate the two parts of serous pericardium

A
  1. parietal pericardium
  2. visceral pericardium
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19
Q

visceral pericardium can also be called

A

epicardium

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20
Q

the space between the parietal pericardia and visceral pericardia is filled with _____

A

pericardial fluid

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21
Q

it helps reduce friction as the heart moves within the pericardium

A

pericardial fluid

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22
Q

a groove called _____ extends around the heart separating atria from ventricles

A

coronary sulcus

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23
Q

two additional sulci that extend inferiorly around the heart

A
  1. anterior interventricular sulcus
  2. posterior interventricular sulcus
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24
Q

blood first enters the heart through the ____-

A

atria

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25
the ____ carry blood from the body to the right atrium
superior and inferior vena cava
26
the _____ carries blood from the lung to the left atrium
four pulmonary veins
27
28
they carry blood to the lungs
pulmonary arteries
29
it rises from the right ventricle splitting into right and left pulmonary arteries
pulmonary trunk
30
enumerate the 4 chamber of the heart
bobo najud ka if dika katubag ani
31
the two atria are separated by?
interatrial septum
32
major pumping chambers
ventricles of the heart
33
the two ventricles are separated by?
interventricular septum
34
the one-way flow of blood through the heart chambers is maintained by what?
heart valves
35
enumerate the two types of heart valves
1. atrioventricular valves 2. semilunar valves
36
the valve located between atrium and ventricle
atrioventricular valve
37
the av valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is called?
tricuspid valve
38
the av valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is called?
bicuspid valve
39
the bicuspid valve can also be called?
mitral valve
40
what are those cone-shaped muscular pillars in each ventricle called?
papillary muscles
41
the papillary muscles are attached by thin, storng, connective tissue strings called?
chordae tendinae
42
it is a valve located between each ventricles often associated with a great artery
semilunar valve
43
the two types of semilunar valve
1. pulmonary semilunar valve 2. aortic semilunar valve
44
it is the valve located between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
pulmonary semilunar valve
45
it is the valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta
aortic semilunar valve
46
it is a plate of connective tissue containing fibrous rings that surround the atrioventricular and semilunar valves and give them solid support
cardiac skeleton or fibrous skeleton
47
they supply blood to the wall of the heart
coronary arteries
48
they drain blood from the cardiac muscle
cardiac veins
49
it is a large vein located within the coronary sulcus on the posterior aspect of the heart
coronary sinus
50
enumerate the three layers of tissue of the heart wall
1. epicardium 2. myocardium 3. endocardium
51
smooth membrane over the surface of the heart
epicardium
52
thick middle layer of the heart composed of muscle cells
myocardium
53
smooth inner surface of the heart
endocardium
54
the ridges and columns of the cardiac muscle are called?
trabeculae carneae
55
are elongated branching cells that contain one or occasionally two centrally located nuclei
cardiac muscle cells
56
cardiac muscle cells are bound end-to-end and laterally to adjacent cells by specialized cell-to-cell contacts called ______
intercalated disks
57
allow cytoplasm to flow freely between cells
gap junctions
58
in cardiac muscle, each action potential consists of a ________ followed by a period of slow repolarization called the ________
depolarization, plateau phase
59
enumerate the conduction system of the heart
1. sinoatrial node 2. atrioventricular node 3. atrioventricular bundle 4. bundle branches 5. Purkinje fibers
60
functions as the heart's pacemaker
sinoatrial node
61
the record of the elcetric events in the heart is called a?
electrocardiogram
62
enumerate the three components of an ECG
1. p wave 2. qrs complex 3. t wave
63
this type of wave results from the depolarization of the atrial myocardium
p wave
64
this wave is the repolarization of ventricles
t wave
65
it is when your heartrate is in excess of 100 beats per minute
tachycardia
66
it is when your heartrate is less than 60 bpm
bradycardia

Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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