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Anatomy and Physiology > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

the heart, the blood vessels, and the blood make up the _______

A

cardiovascular system

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2
Q

the heart of a healthy adult at rest pumps approximately how much blood per minute?

A

5 liters of blood per minute

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3
Q

the right side of the heart pumps to where?

A

the lungs back to the left side of the heart

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4
Q

it is when the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs and back to the left side

A

pulmonary circulation

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5
Q

it is when the left side of the heart pumps blood to all the other tissues of the body

A

systematic circulation

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6
Q

enumerate the functions of the heart

A
  1. generating blood pressure
  2. routing blood
  3. ensuring one-way flow of blood
  4. regulating blood supply
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7
Q

the heart is shaped like a ___

A

blunt cone

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8
Q

rounded point of the heart is the _____ and the opposite flat part of the heart is called the _____

A

apex, base

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9
Q

what do you call the midline partition that consists of the heart, trachea, espohagus

A

mediastinum

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10
Q

what do you call the own cavity of the heart?

A

pericardial cavity

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11
Q

meaning of cpr

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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12
Q

it surrounds the heart and anchors it to the medistinum, forms the pericardial cavity

A

pericardium

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13
Q

enumerate the two layers of the pericardium

A
  1. fibrous pericardium
  2. serous pericardium
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14
Q

outer layer or perocardium, tough and made of fibrous connective tissue

A

fibrous pericardiumn

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15
Q

inner layer of pericardium, made of thin flat epithelial cells and thin layer of connective tissues

A

serous pericardium

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16
Q

it is when the serous pericardium is inflammed

A

pericarditis

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17
Q

it is when fluid or blood accumulates in the pericardial cavity and compresses the heart from the outside

A

cardiac tamponade

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18
Q

enumerate the two parts of serous pericardium

A
  1. parietal pericardium
  2. visceral pericardium
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19
Q

visceral pericardium can also be called

A

epicardium

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20
Q

the space between the parietal pericardia and visceral pericardia is filled with _____

A

pericardial fluid

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21
Q

it helps reduce friction as the heart moves within the pericardium

A

pericardial fluid

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22
Q

a groove called _____ extends around the heart separating atria from ventricles

A

coronary sulcus

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23
Q

two additional sulci that extend inferiorly around the heart

A
  1. anterior interventricular sulcus
  2. posterior interventricular sulcus
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24
Q

blood first enters the heart through the ____-

A

atria

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25
Q

the ____ carry blood from the body to the right atrium

A

superior and inferior vena cava

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26
Q

the _____ carries blood from the lung to the left atrium

A

four pulmonary veins

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28
Q

they carry blood to the lungs

A

pulmonary arteries

29
Q

it rises from the right ventricle splitting into right and left pulmonary arteries

A

pulmonary trunk

30
Q

enumerate the 4 chamber of the heart

A

bobo najud ka if dika katubag ani

31
Q

the two atria are separated by?

A

interatrial septum

32
Q

major pumping chambers

A

ventricles of the heart

33
Q

the two ventricles are separated by?

A

interventricular septum

34
Q

the one-way flow of blood through the heart chambers is maintained by what?

A

heart valves

35
Q

enumerate the two types of heart valves

A
  1. atrioventricular valves
  2. semilunar valves
36
Q

the valve located between atrium and ventricle

A

atrioventricular valve

37
Q

the av valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is called?

A

tricuspid valve

38
Q

the av valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is called?

A

bicuspid valve

39
Q

the bicuspid valve can also be called?

A

mitral valve

40
Q

what are those cone-shaped muscular pillars in each ventricle called?

A

papillary muscles

41
Q

the papillary muscles are attached by thin, storng, connective tissue strings called?

A

chordae tendinae

42
Q

it is a valve located between each ventricles often associated with a great artery

A

semilunar valve

43
Q

the two types of semilunar valve

A
  1. pulmonary semilunar valve
  2. aortic semilunar valve
44
Q

it is the valve located between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

45
Q

it is the valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta

A

aortic semilunar valve

46
Q

it is a plate of connective tissue containing fibrous rings that surround the atrioventricular and semilunar valves and give them solid support

A

cardiac skeleton or fibrous skeleton

47
Q

they supply blood to the wall of the heart

A

coronary arteries

48
Q

they drain blood from the cardiac muscle

A

cardiac veins

49
Q

it is a large vein located within the coronary sulcus on the posterior aspect of the heart

A

coronary sinus

50
Q

enumerate the three layers of tissue of the heart wall

A
  1. epicardium
  2. myocardium
  3. endocardium
51
Q

smooth membrane over the surface of the heart

A

epicardium

52
Q

thick middle layer of the heart composed of muscle cells

A

myocardium

53
Q

smooth inner surface of the heart

A

endocardium

54
Q

the ridges and columns of the cardiac muscle are called?

A

trabeculae carneae

55
Q

are elongated branching cells that contain one or occasionally two centrally located nuclei

A

cardiac muscle cells

56
Q

cardiac muscle cells are bound end-to-end and laterally to adjacent cells by specialized cell-to-cell contacts called ______

A

intercalated disks

57
Q

allow cytoplasm to flow freely between cells

A

gap junctions

58
Q

in cardiac muscle, each action potential consists of a ________ followed by a period of slow repolarization called the ________

A

depolarization, plateau phase

59
Q

enumerate the conduction system of the heart

A
  1. sinoatrial node
  2. atrioventricular node
  3. atrioventricular bundle
  4. bundle branches
  5. Purkinje fibers
60
Q

functions as the heart’s pacemaker

A

sinoatrial node

61
Q

the record of the elcetric events in the heart is called a?

A

electrocardiogram

62
Q

enumerate the three components of an ECG

A
  1. p wave
  2. qrs complex
  3. t wave
63
Q

this type of wave results from the depolarization of the atrial myocardium

64
Q

this wave is the repolarization of ventricles

65
Q

it is when your heartrate is in excess of 100 beats per minute

A

tachycardia

66
Q

it is when your heartrate is less than 60 bpm

A

bradycardia

Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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