Respiratory System

Question 1

pleural cavity

Answer 1

fluid filled space between pleural layers of the lungs (visceral and parietal pleura)

Question 2

pleural recesses

Answer 2

reservation spaces in pleural cavity
needed for lung expansion in deep inhalation

Question 3

components of the upper respiratory system

Answer 3

mouth
nasal cavities
pharynx
larynx

Question 4

components of the lower respiratory system

Answer 4

trachea
bronchial tree
lungs
pleural membranes
alveoli

Question 5

respiratory movements of the ribs

Answer 5

pump handle: ribs elevate as sternum expands forward
bucket handle: ribs depress and sternum moves inward

Question 6

larynx components

Answer 6

epiglottis
hyoid
thyroid cartilage
arytenoid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
vocal process

Question 6

epiglottis

Answer 6

opens and closes larynx
when closed food can only travel down the esophagus, so it closes in swallowing

Question 7

arytenoid cartilage function

Answer 7

vocal cords attach, lots of movement
the muscles moving these affect vocal cord tension for speech

Question 8

larynx innervation

Answer 8

recurrent laryngeal nerve
ramification of the vagus nerve

Question 9

What forms the pulmonary ligament? Where is it located?

Answer 9

this is formed by the two layers of pleura joining at the root of the lung

Question 10

What is contained within the pleural cavity?

Answer 10

serous fluid only, no air

Question 11

pneumothorax

Answer 11

when a puncture allows are into the pleural cavity
can lead to collapse of a lung

Question 12

How far inferior and superior do the lungs extend?

Answer 12

superiorly, they extend above rib 1
inferiorly, they extend to just above the costal margin

Question 13

parts of the parietal pleura

Answer 13

correspond to the area they are in
suprapleural membrane
cervical pleura
costal part
mediastinal part
diaphragmatic part

Question 14

suprapleural membrane - what attaches to it? Why does this matter?

Answer 14

attached to transverse processes of C7 and medial rib 1
scalenes attach to membrane, if they are slack lung can depress

Question 15

innervation of parietal pleura

Answer 15

costal/cervical: intercostal nerves
diaphragmatic/mediastinal: phrenic nerve

Question 16

visceral pleura innervation

Answer 16

pulmonary plexus autonomic innervation
no sensory innervation of pain/temp/pressure

Question 17

mechanism of lung expansion

Answer 17

parietal pleura inflexible, visceral pleura flexible
hydrostatic pressure between the two layers expands the lungs
expansion of the thoracic wall and diaphragm moves the parietal to its end range, pulling on visceral

Question 18

purpose of pleural recesses

Answer 18

allow maximal lung expansion
lungs don’t fill the entire space normally so they have room to expand

Question 19

retroesophageal recesses

Answer 19

reflection of mediastinal pleura supporting esophagus

Question 20

infracardiac recess

Answer 20

small, right side only, goes below IVC

Question 21

costomediastinal recess

Answer 21

larger on left, where we find cardiac notch

Question 22

costodiaphragmatic recess

Answer 22

largest, most significant
where lungs expand into
between intercostal spaces 6-12

Question 23

pulmonary arteries deliver…

Answer 23

deoxygenated blood
AWAY from heart to lungs
from right ventricle into pulmonary trunk

Question 24

pulmonary veins deliver...

Answer 24

oxygenated blood form lungs TOWARDS heart to the left atrium

Question 25

phrenic and vagus nerves in relation to the root of the lungs

Answer 25

phrenic is anterior, vagus is posterior

Question 26

fissures of the right lung

Answer 26

horizontal: separates superior and middle lobe oblique: separates inferior and superior/middle

Question 27

fissures of the left lung

Answer 27

oblique: separate inferior/superior

Question 28

surface anatomy of the right lung

Answer 28

superior lobe: upper anterolateral wall, root of the neck middle lobe: lower anterolateral wall inferior lobe: posterior/inferior walls

Question 29

surface anatomy of the left lung

Answer 29

superior lobe: upper anterolateral wall, root of neck inferior lobe: posterior/inferior walls

Question 30

transverse cartilage of the trachea

Answer 30

c shaped, leaving an open part posteriorly

Question 30

components of the conductive zone

Answer 30

nose larynx trachea bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles

Question 30

boundaries of the trachea

Answer 30

C6-T4/5 bifurcation at T4/5

Question 30

carina

Answer 30

lowest tracheal ring projects backwards in midline between origins of the two bronchi

Question 31

bronchioles

Answer 31

smaller than 1mm walls made of muscle smallest branch of bronchial tree

Question 32

components of respiratory zone

Answer 32

pulmonary arteriole capillaries pulmonary venule, alveoli/duct, alveolar sac, bronciole

Question 33

bronchopulmonary segments

Answer 33

each has it's own airways and can function independently if one fails some fuse, esp in left lung 10 segments each lung

Question 34

bronchial vessels

Answer 34

provide nutrition to the lungs right: from R 3rd intercostal a. left: straight from aorta

Question 35

right vs left pulmonary artery differences

Answer 35

left is shorter, anterior to descending aorta, posterior to superior pulmonary vein right: longer, horizontal to mediastinum

Question 36

What forms the right and left pulmonary plexuses?

Answer 36

vagus nerves and sympathetic trunks