Respiratory System Flashcards
pleural cavity
fluid filled space between pleural layers of the lungs (visceral and parietal pleura)
pleural recesses
reservation spaces in pleural cavity
needed for lung expansion in deep inhalation
components of the upper respiratory system
mouth
nasal cavities
pharynx
larynx
components of the lower respiratory system
trachea
bronchial tree
lungs
pleural membranes
alveoli
respiratory movements of the ribs
pump handle: ribs elevate as sternum expands forward
bucket handle: ribs depress and sternum moves inward
larynx components
epiglottis
hyoid
thyroid cartilage
arytenoid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
vocal process
epiglottis
opens and closes larynx
when closed food can only travel down the esophagus, so it closes in swallowing
arytenoid cartilage function
vocal cords attach, lots of movement
the muscles moving these affect vocal cord tension for speech
larynx innervation
recurrent laryngeal nerve
ramification of the vagus nerve
What forms the pulmonary ligament? Where is it located?
this is formed by the two layers of pleura joining at the root of the lung
What is contained within the pleural cavity?
serous fluid only, no air
pneumothorax
when a puncture allows are into the pleural cavity
can lead to collapse of a lung
How far inferior and superior do the lungs extend?
superiorly, they extend above rib 1
inferiorly, they extend to just above the costal margin
parts of the parietal pleura
correspond to the area they are in
suprapleural membrane
cervical pleura
costal part
mediastinal part
diaphragmatic part
suprapleural membrane - what attaches to it? Why does this matter?
attached to transverse processes of C7 and medial rib 1
scalenes attach to membrane, if they are slack lung can depress
innervation of parietal pleura
costal/cervical: intercostal nerves
diaphragmatic/mediastinal: phrenic nerve
visceral pleura innervation
pulmonary plexus autonomic innervation
no sensory innervation of pain/temp/pressure
mechanism of lung expansion
parietal pleura inflexible, visceral pleura flexible
hydrostatic pressure between the two layers expands the lungs
expansion of the thoracic wall and diaphragm moves the parietal to its end range, pulling on visceral
purpose of pleural recesses
allow maximal lung expansion
lungs don’t fill the entire space normally so they have room to expand
retroesophageal recesses
reflection of mediastinal pleura supporting esophagus
infracardiac recess
small, right side only, goes below IVC
costomediastinal recess
larger on left, where we find cardiac notch
costodiaphragmatic recess
largest, most significant
where lungs expand into
between intercostal spaces 6-12
pulmonary arteries deliver…
deoxygenated blood
AWAY from heart to lungs
from right ventricle into pulmonary trunk
pulmonary veins deliver…
oxygenated blood form lungs TOWARDS heart to the left atrium
phrenic and vagus nerves in relation to the root of the lungs
phrenic is anterior, vagus is posterior
fissures of the right lung
horizontal: separates superior and middle lobe
oblique: separates inferior and superior/middle
fissures of the left lung
oblique: separate inferior/superior
surface anatomy of the right lung
superior lobe: upper anterolateral wall, root of the neck
middle lobe: lower anterolateral wall
inferior lobe: posterior/inferior walls
surface anatomy of the left lung
superior lobe: upper anterolateral wall, root of neck
inferior lobe: posterior/inferior walls
transverse cartilage of the trachea
c shaped, leaving an open part posteriorly
components of the conductive zone
nose
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
boundaries of the trachea
C6-T4/5
bifurcation at T4/5
carina
lowest tracheal ring
projects backwards in midline between origins of the two bronchi
bronchioles
smaller than 1mm
walls made of muscle
smallest branch of bronchial tree
components of respiratory zone
pulmonary arteriole
capillaries
pulmonary venule, alveoli/duct, alveolar sac, bronciole
bronchopulmonary segments
each has it’s own airways and can function independently if one fails
some fuse, esp in left lung
10 segments each lung
bronchial vessels
provide nutrition to the lungs
right: from R 3rd intercostal a.
left: straight from aorta
right vs left pulmonary artery differences
left is shorter, anterior to descending aorta, posterior to superior pulmonary vein
right: longer, horizontal to mediastinum
What forms the right and left pulmonary plexuses?
vagus nerves and sympathetic trunks
