Abdomen Concepts Flashcards
delineations of the abdomen
inferior margin of thorax
superior margin of pelvis and lower limb
inferior thoracic aperture forms what part of the abdomen?
superior opening of the abdomen
boundary of the abdomen at the pelvic inlet is what structure?
inguinal ligament
inferior limit of the abdominal wall
superior margin of the lower limb
SAD PUCKER
retroperitoneal organs
supraadrenal glands
abdominal aorta
duodenum (2nd and 3rd)
Pancreas
Ureters
colon, ascending/descending
kidneys
exophagus
rectum
functions of the abdominal wall
protection, breathing, change intraabdominal pressure
rib cage and abdominal muscular wall for protection
abdominal wall function in breathing
relax in inspiration to allow thoracic cavity to expand
then contract during expiration to assist the diaphragm’s elevation
components of the abdomen
wall (muscular/bony)
cavity
inferior thoracic aperture
diaphragm
pelvic inlet
bones forming the bony wall of the abdomen
5 lumbar vertebrae/discs
iliums
costal margin
rib 12
end of rib 11
xiphoid process
muscles making up muscular abdominal wall
QL, psoas major, iliacus
TA, int/ext oblique, rectus abdominus
anterior/lateral/posterior walls
mesentary
double layer of peritoneum attaching viscera to abdominal wall
peritoneum layers
epithelial single layer of cells
parietal lines abdominal wall
visceral covers suspended organs
intraperitoneal
structures suspended from abdominal wall by mesentary
retroperitoneal
structures not suspended in abdominal wall by mesentary, lie between parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall
secondary retroperitoneal
as embryos some structures intraperitoneal then move to retroperitoneal in development
inferior thoracic aperture covered by what structure
diaphragm
diaphragm attachments
crus: muscular extension anchoring diaphragm to vertebral column at L3 on right and L2 on left
posterior attachments: median arcuate ligament crosses aorta and continuous with crus on each side
medial and lateral arcuate ligaments attach to transverse processes L1-rib 12
diaphragm crus, L vs R
right is thicker and stronger going down to L3, right is larger because of the esophagus
median arcuate ligament
connects right and left crus to L1 transverse process
abdomen and pelvic cavity
abdomen is continuous with pelvic cavity, structures pass between two areas
structures going from the abdomen to the thigh
psoas major/minor
iliacus
external iliac artery
femoral artery/vein
aperture from abdomen to lower limb + structures
marked by inguinal ligament and pelvic bone
external iliac artery/vein
femoral nerve
lymph
psoas major/iliacus
divisions of the abdomen - 4 quadrants
R/L upper/lower quadrants
divisions of the abdomen - 9 region
R hypochondrium, epigastric, L hypochondrium
R flank, umbilical, L flank
right groin, pubic, L groin
flank/lumbar
groin/inguinal
