Abdomen Concepts

Question 1

delineations of the abdomen

Answer 1

inferior margin of thorax
superior margin of pelvis and lower limb

Question 2

inferior thoracic aperture forms what part of the abdomen?

Answer 2

superior opening of the abdomen

Question 3

boundary of the abdomen at the pelvic inlet is what structure?

Answer 3

inguinal ligament

Question 4

inferior limit of the abdominal wall

Answer 4

superior margin of the lower limb

Question 5

SAD PUCKER

Answer 5

retroperitoneal organs
supraadrenal glands
abdominal aorta
duodenum (2nd and 3rd)

Pancreas
Ureters
colon, ascending/descending
kidneys
exophagus
rectum

Question 6

functions of the abdominal wall

Answer 6

protection, breathing, change intraabdominal pressure
rib cage and abdominal muscular wall for protection

Question 7

abdominal wall function in breathing

Answer 7

relax in inspiration to allow thoracic cavity to expand
then contract during expiration to assist the diaphragm’s elevation

Question 8

components of the abdomen

Answer 8

wall (muscular/bony)
cavity
inferior thoracic aperture
diaphragm
pelvic inlet

Question 9

bones forming the bony wall of the abdomen

Answer 9

5 lumbar vertebrae/discs
iliums
costal margin
rib 12
end of rib 11
xiphoid process

Question 10

muscles making up muscular abdominal wall

Answer 10

QL, psoas major, iliacus
TA, int/ext oblique, rectus abdominus
anterior/lateral/posterior walls

Question 11

mesentary

Answer 11

double layer of peritoneum attaching viscera to abdominal wall

Question 12

peritoneum layers

Answer 12

epithelial single layer of cells
parietal lines abdominal wall
visceral covers suspended organs

Question 13

intraperitoneal

Answer 13

structures suspended from abdominal wall by mesentary

Question 14

retroperitoneal

Answer 14

structures not suspended in abdominal wall by mesentary, lie between parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall

Question 15

secondary retroperitoneal

Answer 15

as embryos some structures intraperitoneal then move to retroperitoneal in development

Question 16

inferior thoracic aperture covered by what structure

Answer 16

diaphragm

Question 17

diaphragm attachments

Answer 17

crus: muscular extension anchoring diaphragm to vertebral column at L3 on right and L2 on left
posterior attachments: median arcuate ligament crosses aorta and continuous with crus on each side
medial and lateral arcuate ligaments attach to transverse processes L1-rib 12

Question 18

diaphragm crus, L vs R

Answer 18

right is thicker and stronger going down to L3, right is larger because of the esophagus

Question 19

median arcuate ligament

Answer 19

connects right and left crus to L1 transverse process

Question 20

abdomen and pelvic cavity

Answer 20

abdomen is continuous with pelvic cavity, structures pass between two areas

Question 21

structures going from the abdomen to the thigh

Answer 21

psoas major/minor
iliacus
external iliac artery
femoral artery/vein

Question 22

aperture from abdomen to lower limb + structures

Answer 22

marked by inguinal ligament and pelvic bone
external iliac artery/vein
femoral nerve
lymph
psoas major/iliacus

Question 23

divisions of the abdomen - 4 quadrants

Answer 23

R/L upper/lower quadrants

Question 24

divisions of the abdomen - 9 region

Answer 24

R hypochondrium, epigastric, L hypochondrium
R flank, umbilical, L flank
right groin, pubic, L groin
flank/lumbar
groin/inguinal

Question 25

how to palpate ths diaphragm

Answer 25

pt in supine
locate xiphoid process
thumbs inferior to ribs
pt take slow deep breaths and diaphragm should push against thumbs