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511 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

foregut organs

A

stomach, duodenum 1st/wnd, pancreas, spleen

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2
Q

what artery supplies the foregut?

A

celiac trunk

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3
Q

midgut organs

A

small intestine, ascending colon, cecum, half of transverse colon

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4
Q

what artery supplies the midgut?

A

superior mesenteric artery

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5
Q

hindgut organs

A

half of transverse colon, descending, signmoid colon, rectum

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6
Q

What artery supplies the hind gut?

A

inferior mesenteric artery

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7
Q

functions of the digestive system

A

ingestion
mix/propulsion
digestion (mechanical/chemical)
absorption
metabolism
defecation

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8
Q

alimentary digestive organs

A

Gi tract
continuous tube from mouth to anal canal
5-7 meters
esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ilium, cecum, ascending/transverse/descending/sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal

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9
Q

accessory digestive organs

A

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

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10
Q

greater sac of the peritoneal cavity

A

most of the space in cavity
starts at diaphragm and continues to pelvic cavity

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11
Q

omental bursa of peritoneal cavity

A

aka lesser sac
smaller subdivision
posterior to stomach/liver
continuous w/ greater sac through the omental foramen

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12
Q

What level is omental foramen found at?

A

T12

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13
Q

intraperitoneal organs

A

parietal and visceral peritoneum completely surround organ, mesentary extends from organ to abdominal wall as a fold

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14
Q

retroperitoneal layers

general definition

A

one surface of the organ is covered by peritoneum, other surfaces on the posterior abdominal wall

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15
Q

greater omentum

A

peritoneal recess found on anterior abdominal as first superficial structure in dissection of the cavity
attaches to greater curvature of the stomach, 1st part duodenum, transverse colon

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16
Q

major vessels of the greater omentum

A

R/L gastro omental vessels

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17
Q

functions of the greater omentum

A

store fat
wall off inflammation
road for vessels

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18
Q

lesser omentum

A

peritoneal recess expanding from lesser curvature of stomach, 1st part duodenum, and inferior liver

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19
Q

functions of the lesser omentum

A

suspends the stomach providing stability like a ligament
divided into hepatoduodenal ligament and hepatogastric ligament

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20
Q

abdominal esophagus

what spinal level is this at?

A

emerges through right crus of diaphragm
T10 level
short, distal part

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21
Q

nerves associated with esophagus

A

anterior and posterior vagus trunks on anterior/posterior surfaces of esophagus, respectively

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22
Q

which 9-regions is the stomach in?

A

epigastric, umbilical, L hypochondrium

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23
Q

four parts of the stomach

A

cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

24
Q

cardia of the stomach

A

surrounding opening of esophagus into stomach
proximal sphincter into stomach is in esophagus while distal sphincter is in the cardia

25
Q

fundus of the stomach

A

area above level of cardinal orifice
most superior portion of the stomach
feeling of fullness comes from reaching this part of the stomach with food

26
Q

body of the stomach

A

largest portion

27
Q

pyloric part of the stomach

A

contains pyloric sphincter where food passes through once digested to enter the duodenum

28
Q

cardinal notch of stomach

A

angle between the esophagus and stomach

29
Q

angular incisure

A

bend on lesser curvature where lesser omentum attaches

30
Q

small intestines: which part is longest?

A

ileum>jejunum>duodenum

31
Q

duodenum

A

smallest SI part
C shaped
above umbilicus
all retroperitoneal except 1st part
superior/descending/inferior/ascending parts

32
Q

path of duodenum

A

1st: level L1, anterior to bile duct
2nd: neck of gallbladder to L3 level (bile and pancreatic ducts enter here)
3rd: cross IVC, aorta, vertebral column
4th: L of aorta to L2 and terminates into duodenojejunal flexure

33
Q

ligament of Trietz

A

accessory muscle of duodenum

34
Q

jejunum

A

upper L quadrant
larger and thicker than ileum
vasa recta (arterial connections) shorter and longer arterial arcades (long arteries through mesentary)

35
Q

function of ileocecal fold

A

prevent reflex cecum to ileum
regulate content passage
two flaps project into large intestine

36
Q

function of the large intestine

A

absorb fluids and salt from gut content

37
Q

haustra

A

sac like structures along colon

38
Q

tenia coli

A

longitudinal muscles along colon
no m fibers in colon so these contract to move contents
anterior/posterior/lateral
constrict like accordian to move content unidrectionally

39
Q

anal canal sphincters

A

internal and external
internal involuntary
external voluntary control

40
Q

omental appendices

A

fat tissue, unknown fx
on colon

41
Q

appendix

A

narrow tube connected to cecum
contains bacteria as a reservoir to replenish good bacteria when diarrhea depletes them
blockage can create overgrowth where bacteria penetrate wall of appendix

42
Q

Mcburney’s point

A

mid 1/3 from ASIS to umbilicus
palpate appendix here

43
Q

appendicitis

A

due to obstructed appendix causing bacteria proliferation, damaging appendix wall/necrosis

44
Q

liver functions

A

largest visceral organ
produce bile for fat digestion
metabolize cholesterol
urea cycle
protein production
clotting factor production
detox blood

45
Q

liver regions (9 regions)

A

right hypochondrium, epigastric

46
Q

surfaces of the liver

A

diaphragmatic surface: anterior, superior, posterior, subphrenic and hepatorenal recesses
visceral: inferior

47
Q

bare area of liver

A

where it is direct contact with the diaphragm

48
Q

recesses surrounding the liver

A

subphrenic recess: superior, phrenic nerve innervating diaphragm, divided in R/L by falciform ligament
hepatorenal recess: surface facing kidney

49
Q

three structures entering/exiting the liver

A

bile duct
hepatic portal vein
proper hepatic artery

50
Q

visceral surface of liver

What covers this surface? Wha† structures are present?

A

covered with vsiceral peritoneum
except gall bladder and porta hepatis triad

51
Q

lobes of liver

A

R/L
caudate/quadrate
caudate near IVC groove, ligamentum venosum
quadrate near gallbladder, ligamentum teres

52
Q

gallbladder

A

sac on visceral surface of liver in a fossa between the right and quadrate lobes
fundus, body, neck

53
Q

functions of the gallbladder

A

receive, concentrate, store bile from liver
when peripheral bile duct from liver’s sphincter closes, bile goes back to liver to be stored in the gall bladder

54
Q

pancreas

A

extend from duodenum on the right to spleen on the left
head neck and tail, tail pointing towards spleen

55
Q

functions of the pancreas

A

produce and secrete enzymes for digestion
produce and secrete hormones insulin/glucagon for endocrine

511 (13 decks)

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