Digestive System Flashcards
foregut organs
stomach, duodenum 1st/wnd, pancreas, spleen
what artery supplies the foregut?
celiac trunk
midgut organs
small intestine, ascending colon, cecum, half of transverse colon
what artery supplies the midgut?
superior mesenteric artery
hindgut organs
half of transverse colon, descending, signmoid colon, rectum
What artery supplies the hind gut?
inferior mesenteric artery
functions of the digestive system
ingestion
mix/propulsion
digestion (mechanical/chemical)
absorption
metabolism
defecation
alimentary digestive organs
Gi tract
continuous tube from mouth to anal canal
5-7 meters
esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ilium, cecum, ascending/transverse/descending/sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal
accessory digestive organs
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
greater sac of the peritoneal cavity
most of the space in cavity
starts at diaphragm and continues to pelvic cavity
omental bursa of peritoneal cavity
aka lesser sac
smaller subdivision
posterior to stomach/liver
continuous w/ greater sac through the omental foramen
What level is omental foramen found at?
T12
intraperitoneal organs
parietal and visceral peritoneum completely surround organ, mesentary extends from organ to abdominal wall as a fold
retroperitoneal layers
general definition
one surface of the organ is covered by peritoneum, other surfaces on the posterior abdominal wall
greater omentum
peritoneal recess found on anterior abdominal as first superficial structure in dissection of the cavity
attaches to greater curvature of the stomach, 1st part duodenum, transverse colon
major vessels of the greater omentum
R/L gastro omental vessels
functions of the greater omentum
store fat
wall off inflammation
road for vessels
lesser omentum
peritoneal recess expanding from lesser curvature of stomach, 1st part duodenum, and inferior liver
functions of the lesser omentum
suspends the stomach providing stability like a ligament
divided into hepatoduodenal ligament and hepatogastric ligament
abdominal esophagus
what spinal level is this at?
emerges through right crus of diaphragm
T10 level
short, distal part
nerves associated with esophagus
anterior and posterior vagus trunks on anterior/posterior surfaces of esophagus, respectively
which 9-regions is the stomach in?
epigastric, umbilical, L hypochondrium
four parts of the stomach
cardia, fundus, body, pylorus
cardia of the stomach
surrounding opening of esophagus into stomach
proximal sphincter into stomach is in esophagus while distal sphincter is in the cardia
fundus of the stomach
area above level of cardinal orifice
most superior portion of the stomach
feeling of fullness comes from reaching this part of the stomach with food
body of the stomach
largest portion
pyloric part of the stomach
contains pyloric sphincter where food passes through once digested to enter the duodenum
cardinal notch of stomach
angle between the esophagus and stomach
angular incisure
bend on lesser curvature where lesser omentum attaches
small intestines: which part is longest?
ileum>jejunum>duodenum
duodenum
smallest SI part
C shaped
above umbilicus
all retroperitoneal except 1st part
superior/descending/inferior/ascending parts
path of duodenum
1st: level L1, anterior to bile duct
2nd: neck of gallbladder to L3 level (bile and pancreatic ducts enter here)
3rd: cross IVC, aorta, vertebral column
4th: L of aorta to L2 and terminates into duodenojejunal flexure
ligament of Trietz
accessory muscle of duodenum
jejunum
upper L quadrant
larger and thicker than ileum
vasa recta (arterial connections) shorter and longer arterial arcades (long arteries through mesentary)
function of ileocecal fold
prevent reflex cecum to ileum
regulate content passage
two flaps project into large intestine
function of the large intestine
absorb fluids and salt from gut content
haustra
sac like structures along colon
tenia coli
longitudinal muscles along colon
no m fibers in colon so these contract to move contents
anterior/posterior/lateral
constrict like accordian to move content unidrectionally
anal canal sphincters
internal and external
internal involuntary
external voluntary control
omental appendices
fat tissue, unknown fx
on colon
appendix
narrow tube connected to cecum
contains bacteria as a reservoir to replenish good bacteria when diarrhea depletes them
blockage can create overgrowth where bacteria penetrate wall of appendix
Mcburney’s point
mid 1/3 from ASIS to umbilicus
palpate appendix here
appendicitis
due to obstructed appendix causing bacteria proliferation, damaging appendix wall/necrosis
liver functions
largest visceral organ
produce bile for fat digestion
metabolize cholesterol
urea cycle
protein production
clotting factor production
detox blood
liver regions (9 regions)
right hypochondrium, epigastric
surfaces of the liver
diaphragmatic surface: anterior, superior, posterior, subphrenic and hepatorenal recesses
visceral: inferior
bare area of liver
where it is direct contact with the diaphragm
recesses surrounding the liver
subphrenic recess: superior, phrenic nerve innervating diaphragm, divided in R/L by falciform ligament
hepatorenal recess: surface facing kidney
three structures entering/exiting the liver
bile duct
hepatic portal vein
proper hepatic artery
visceral surface of liver
What covers this surface? Wha† structures are present?
covered with vsiceral peritoneum
except gall bladder and porta hepatis triad
lobes of liver
R/L
caudate/quadrate
caudate near IVC groove, ligamentum venosum
quadrate near gallbladder, ligamentum teres
gallbladder
sac on visceral surface of liver in a fossa between the right and quadrate lobes
fundus, body, neck
functions of the gallbladder
receive, concentrate, store bile from liver
when peripheral bile duct from liver’s sphincter closes, bile goes back to liver to be stored in the gall bladder
pancreas
extend from duodenum on the right to spleen on the left
head neck and tail, tail pointing towards spleen
functions of the pancreas
produce and secrete enzymes for digestion
produce and secrete hormones insulin/glucagon for endocrine
