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Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

foregut organs

A

stomach, duodenum 1st/wnd, pancreas, spleen

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2
Q

what artery supplies the foregut?

A

celiac trunk

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3
Q

midgut organs

A

small intestine, ascending colon, cecum, half of transverse colon

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4
Q

what artery supplies the midgut?

A

superior mesenteric artery

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5
Q

hindgut organs

A

half of transverse colon, descending, signmoid colon, rectum

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6
Q

What artery supplies the hind gut?

A

inferior mesenteric artery

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7
Q

functions of the digestive system

A

ingestion
mix/propulsion
digestion (mechanical/chemical)
absorption
metabolism
defecation

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8
Q

alimentary digestive organs

A

Gi tract
continuous tube from mouth to anal canal
5-7 meters
esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ilium, cecum, ascending/transverse/descending/sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal

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9
Q

accessory digestive organs

A

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

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10
Q

greater sac of the peritoneal cavity

A

most of the space in cavity
starts at diaphragm and continues to pelvic cavity

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11
Q

omental bursa of peritoneal cavity

A

aka lesser sac
smaller subdivision
posterior to stomach/liver
continuous w/ greater sac through the omental foramen

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12
Q

What level is omental foramen found at?

A

T12

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13
Q

intraperitoneal organs

A

parietal and visceral peritoneum completely surround organ, mesentary extends from organ to abdominal wall as a fold

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14
Q

retroperitoneal layers

general definition

A

one surface of the organ is covered by peritoneum, other surfaces on the posterior abdominal wall

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15
Q

greater omentum

A

peritoneal recess found on anterior abdominal as first superficial structure in dissection of the cavity
attaches to greater curvature of the stomach, 1st part duodenum, transverse colon

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16
Q

major vessels of the greater omentum

A

R/L gastro omental vessels

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17
Q

functions of the greater omentum

A

store fat
wall off inflammation
road for vessels

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18
Q

lesser omentum

A

peritoneal recess expanding from lesser curvature of stomach, 1st part duodenum, and inferior liver

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19
Q

functions of the lesser omentum

A

suspends the stomach providing stability like a ligament
divided into hepatoduodenal ligament and hepatogastric ligament

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20
Q

abdominal esophagus

what spinal level is this at?

A

emerges through right crus of diaphragm
T10 level
short, distal part

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21
Q

nerves associated with esophagus

A

anterior and posterior vagus trunks on anterior/posterior surfaces of esophagus, respectively

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22
Q

which 9-regions is the stomach in?

A

epigastric, umbilical, L hypochondrium

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23
Q

four parts of the stomach

A

cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

24
Q

cardia of the stomach

A

surrounding opening of esophagus into stomach
proximal sphincter into stomach is in esophagus while distal sphincter is in the cardia

25
fundus of the stomach
area above level of cardinal orifice most superior portion of the stomach feeling of fullness comes from reaching this part of the stomach with food
26
body of the stomach
largest portion
27
pyloric part of the stomach
contains pyloric sphincter where food passes through once digested to enter the duodenum
28
cardinal notch of stomach
angle between the esophagus and stomach
29
angular incisure
bend on lesser curvature where lesser omentum attaches
30
small intestines: which part is longest?
ileum>jejunum>duodenum
31
duodenum
smallest SI part C shaped above umbilicus all retroperitoneal except 1st part superior/descending/inferior/ascending parts
32
path of duodenum
1st: level L1, anterior to bile duct 2nd: neck of gallbladder to L3 level (bile and pancreatic ducts enter here) 3rd: cross IVC, aorta, vertebral column 4th: L of aorta to L2 and terminates into duodenojejunal flexure
33
ligament of Trietz
accessory muscle of duodenum
34
jejunum
upper L quadrant larger and thicker than ileum vasa recta (arterial connections) shorter and longer arterial arcades (long arteries through mesentary)
35
function of ileocecal fold
prevent reflex cecum to ileum regulate content passage two flaps project into large intestine
36
function of the large intestine
absorb fluids and salt from gut content
37
haustra
sac like structures along colon
38
tenia coli
longitudinal muscles along colon no m fibers in colon so these contract to move contents anterior/posterior/lateral constrict like accordian to move content unidrectionally
39
anal canal sphincters
internal and external internal involuntary external voluntary control
40
omental appendices
fat tissue, unknown fx on colon
41
appendix
narrow tube connected to cecum contains bacteria as a reservoir to replenish good bacteria when diarrhea depletes them blockage can create overgrowth where bacteria penetrate wall of appendix
42
Mcburney's point
mid 1/3 from ASIS to umbilicus palpate appendix here
43
appendicitis
due to obstructed appendix causing bacteria proliferation, damaging appendix wall/necrosis
44
liver functions
largest visceral organ produce bile for fat digestion metabolize cholesterol urea cycle protein production clotting factor production detox blood
45
liver regions (9 regions)
right hypochondrium, epigastric
46
surfaces of the liver
diaphragmatic surface: anterior, superior, posterior, subphrenic and hepatorenal recesses visceral: inferior
47
bare area of liver
where it is direct contact with the diaphragm
48
recesses surrounding the liver
subphrenic recess: superior, phrenic nerve innervating diaphragm, divided in R/L by falciform ligament hepatorenal recess: surface facing kidney
49
three structures entering/exiting the liver
bile duct hepatic portal vein proper hepatic artery
50
visceral surface of liver | What covers this surface? Wha† structures are present?
covered with vsiceral peritoneum except gall bladder and porta hepatis triad
51
lobes of liver
R/L caudate/quadrate caudate near IVC groove, ligamentum venosum quadrate near gallbladder, ligamentum teres
52
gallbladder
sac on visceral surface of liver in a fossa between the right and quadrate lobes fundus, body, neck
53
functions of the gallbladder
receive, concentrate, store bile from liver when peripheral bile duct from liver's sphincter closes, bile goes back to liver to be stored in the gall bladder
54
pancreas
extend from duodenum on the right to spleen on the left head neck and tail, tail pointing towards spleen
55
functions of the pancreas
produce and secrete enzymes for digestion produce and secrete hormones insulin/glucagon for endocrine

511 (13 decks)

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