Respiratory System Flashcards
Define respiratory system
System where gas transport from the outer atmosphere to the inside of the body and gas exchange between air and blood occur
What is the division of the respiratory system?
Upper and lower respiratory tract
What is included in the upper respiratory tract?
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
What is included in the lower respiratory tract?
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lungs
The nasal cavity divides into what?
Into right and left by the median nasal septum
Posteriority the nasal cavity opens into what?
Nasopharynx
Where does the larynx lie?
In the neck, in front of 4th, 5th and 6th cervical vertebrae
What is the larynx formed by?
Cartilages that are connected with membranes and muscles
What are the cartilages present in larynx?
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
2 arytenoid cartilages
Epiglottis
What is the function of larynx?
Part of the respiratory tract
Production of voice
What is trachea?
Fibro-elastic tube, 11 cm long
Continuation of the larynx, extends from 6th cervical vertebra to 5th where it ends by dividing into right and left bronchi
Where is the trachea located?
Partly in the neck and partly in the thorax
The wall of trachea formed by what?
15-20 C - shaped cartilages preventing its collapse
What are the relations of trachea?
Esophagus lies posterior to the trachea
Thyroid gland lies on the sides with isthmus anteriorly
What are bronchi?
Terminal branches of the trachea
What are the types of bronchi?
Primary, secondary, tertiary
As the bronchus divides what happens to diameter and cartilaginous content?
Decreases
Describe the right and left bronchus in terms of length, lumen, direction and number of divisions
Division of tertiary bronchi gives what?
Bronchioles
What are the walls of bronchioles made of?
Smooth muscles
What are lungs?
Organs of respiration
What does the lung equal?
Alveoli + interstitial tissue + blood capillaries.
What are the properties of lungs?
Light, spongy, highly elastic
What is the shape of lungs?
Conical → apex and base
What surfaces does each lung have?
Costal and medial
Describe the apex of the lung
Narrow
Rounded
Extends into the root of the neck
Describe the base of the lung
Broad
Concave → to fit into the curvature of the diaphragm
Describe the costal surface
Large
Convex to fit into the curvature of the ribs
Describe the medial surface
Contains hilum through which structures enter and leave the lungs
What is the outer covering of the lung?
Pleurae
What are the hilum structures?
Bronchi
Pulmonary vessels
Each lung is divided by what?
Fissures
What are the blood vessels of the lungs?
Pulmonary vessels
Bronchial vessels
How do pulmonary vessels act as transporters?
What is the function of bronchial vessels?
What is pleurae?
Double -walled membrane that encloses the lungs
What are the layers of pleurae?
Inner layer → adherent to the lung = visceral layer
Outer layer → lines the rib cage and the diaphragm = parietal layer
What is pleural cavity?
Space in between layers
