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Anatomy II > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Define respiratory system

A

System where gas transport from the outer atmosphere to the inside of the body and gas exchange between air and blood occur

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2
Q

What is the division of the respiratory system?

A

Upper and lower respiratory tract

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3
Q

What is included in the upper respiratory tract?

A

Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

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4
Q

What is included in the lower respiratory tract?

A

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lungs

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5
Q

The nasal cavity divides into what?

A

Into right and left by the median nasal septum

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6
Q

Posteriority the nasal cavity opens into what?

A

Nasopharynx

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7
Q

Where does the larynx lie?

A

In the neck, in front of 4th, 5th and 6th cervical vertebrae

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8
Q

What is the larynx formed by?

A

Cartilages that are connected with membranes and muscles

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9
Q

What are the cartilages present in larynx?

A

Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
2 arytenoid cartilages
Epiglottis

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10
Q

What is the function of larynx?

A

Part of the respiratory tract
Production of voice

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11
Q

What is trachea?

A

Fibro-elastic tube, 11 cm long
Continuation of the larynx, extends from 6th cervical vertebra to 5th where it ends by dividing into right and left bronchi

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12
Q

Where is the trachea located?

A

Partly in the neck and partly in the thorax

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13
Q

The wall of trachea formed by what?

A

15-20 C - shaped cartilages preventing its collapse

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14
Q

What are the relations of trachea?

A

Esophagus lies posterior to the trachea
Thyroid gland lies on the sides with isthmus anteriorly

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15
Q

What are bronchi?

A

Terminal branches of the trachea

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16
Q

What are the types of bronchi?

A

Primary, secondary, tertiary

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17
Q

As the bronchus divides what happens to diameter and cartilaginous content?

A

Decreases

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18
Q

Describe the right and left bronchus in terms of length, lumen, direction and number of divisions

A
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19
Q

Division of tertiary bronchi gives what?

A

Bronchioles

20
Q

What are the walls of bronchioles made of?

A

Smooth muscles

21
Q

What are lungs?

A

Organs of respiration

22
Q

What does the lung equal?

A

Alveoli + interstitial tissue + blood capillaries.

23
Q

What are the properties of lungs?

A

Light, spongy, highly elastic

24
Q

What is the shape of lungs?

A

Conical → apex and base

25
Q

What surfaces does each lung have?

A

Costal and medial

26
Q

Describe the apex of the lung

A

Narrow
Rounded
Extends into the root of the neck

27
Q

Describe the base of the lung

A

Broad
Concave → to fit into the curvature of the diaphragm

28
Q

Describe the costal surface

A

Large
Convex to fit into the curvature of the ribs

29
Q

Describe the medial surface

A

Contains hilum through which structures enter and leave the lungs

30
Q

What is the outer covering of the lung?

A

Pleurae

31
Q

What are the hilum structures?

A

Bronchi
Pulmonary vessels

32
Q

Each lung is divided by what?

A

Fissures

33
Q

What are the blood vessels of the lungs?

A

Pulmonary vessels
Bronchial vessels

34
Q

How do pulmonary vessels act as transporters?

A
35
Q

What is the function of bronchial vessels?

A
36
Q

What is pleurae?

A

Double -walled membrane that encloses the lungs

37
Q

What are the layers of pleurae?

A

Inner layer → adherent to the lung = visceral layer
Outer layer → lines the rib cage and the diaphragm = parietal layer

38
Q

What is pleural cavity?

A

Space in between layers

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47
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Anatomy II (11 decks)

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