Reproductive System Flashcards
Define reproductive system
A system of organs that’s involved in the process of sexual reproduction
What are the parts of reproductive system
The gonads
The associated ducts
The external genitals
What does the female reproductive system consist of ?
Internal genital organs: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and cervix, vagina
External genital organs: Vulva
What are ovaries ?
Oval paired bodies
How does each ovary lie ?
Lateral to the uterus resting in the lateral wall of the pelvis
What is each ovary attached to ?
Uterus by ovarian ligament
Pelvic wall by suspensory ligament
What does the ovaries produce ?
The ova
Hormones →estrogen and progesterone
What is the blood supply of the ovaries ?
Ovarian artery from the aorta
Ovarian vein → right one pours directly in the inferior vena cava and left one pours into the left renal vein
What are fallopian tubes ?
Paired tubes, attached medially to the superolateral angles of the uterus
What are the parts of fallopian tubes ?
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Describe infundibulum
Funnel-shaped, lateral part of the tube
What does the infundibulum open into ?
Opens into the abdominal cavity near the ovary, where it shows branched processes called fimbriae
Describe the ampulla
Longest and most tortuous part of the tube
Site of fertilization
Describe isthmus
Narrow, medial 1/3 of the tube
What happens when the ovum is expelled from the ovary ?
It’s carried by the fimbriae through the fallopian tube where it gets fertilized to the uterus.
If the ovum got fertilized, it’s implanted in the endometrium, otherwise be shed with the endometrium
What is uterus ?
a pear shaped, hollow, thick-walled muscular organ 6-7cm long and 4cm wide
What is the position of the uterus ?
It lies between the urinary bladder anteriorly and the rectum posteriorly
What are the parts of the uterus ?
Fundus
Body
Cervix
Explain the fundus part of the uterus
The upper convex part
Explain the body part of the uterus
The large, central and bulky part
Explain the cervix part of the uterus
Narrow, neck-like passage at the lower part of the uterus.
It has a superior orifice =internal os and an inferior orifice that opens into the vagina = external os
What are the ligaments of the uterus ?
Round ligament - fixes the uterus to the pelvis
Broad ligament - covers the uterus
What is the blood supply of uterus ?
Uterine vessels
What is the function of the uterus ?
Carries and helps deliver the full-term fetus through contractions of its muscular wall
What is vagina ?
Elastic, muscular canal, connecting the cervix above to the outside(vestibule)
Along its anterior wall, it measures 7.5 cm, while it measures 9cm along its posterior one
What is the position of the vagina ?
It lies between the urinary bladder and urethra anteriorly and rectum posteriorly
What is the blood supply of vagina ?
Uterine, ovarian and vaginal arteries
Uterine and vaginal veins
What does the male reproductive system consist of ?
External genital organs - testes, epidydimis, penis
Internal genital organs - seminal vesicles, prostate
Which part of the male reproductive system is present as external and internal genital organ ?
Vas deferens
What are testes?
Paired oval organs lying in the scrotum
Each testis is formed of what?
Coiled seminephrous tubules and suspended to the body with the spermatic cord
What arises from each testis ?
A number of fine ducts = vasa efferentia
What does the vasa efferentia join ?
A mass of coiled tube called the epididymis
What does the testes produce?
The sperms
Hormones - testosterone
What is the blood supply of the testes ?
Testicular artery - from the aorta
Testicular vein - right vein pore directly into the inferior vena cava and the left one pore directly into the left renal vein
What is epidydimis ?
A comma-shaped organ, lying on the upper end of the testis posteriorly
What are the parts of the epidydimis?
Head → is the large upper end. it lies on the upper end of the testis and is connected to it by vasa efferentia
Body → middle part of the epidydimis
Tail →the lower part of the epididymis. It is continuous with the vascular deferens
What is vas deferens ?
Single duct arising from the tail of the epidydimis
Where does the vas deferens run ?
Runs in the spermatic cord upwards, reaching the posterior surface of the urinary bladder where it joins the ducts of the seminal vesicles forming the ejaculatory ducts
Where do the ejaculatory duct opens?
In the prostatic urethra
What are seminal vesicles ?
Paired, pyramidal organs lying on the posterior surface of the urinary bladder
What do the duct of the seminal vesicles join?
Joins the vas deferens to form the ejaculatory duct
What is the prostate ?
It is a fibromuscular gland
Where does the prostate lie ?
Lies in the true pelvis, below the neck of the urinary bladder surrounding the prostatic urethra
What is the prostate pierced by ?
Urethra - prostatic part
The ejaculatory ducts - that join the prostatic urethra
