Endocrine System Flashcards
Define endocrine system
System of ductless glands that secrete different types of hormones that are carried into the blood stream, either directly by the veins or indirectly through lymphatics, to control bodily metabolic activity
What are the glands in endocrine system?
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Pancrease
Ovary
Testis
What is pituitary gland?
Major endocrine gland
Pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain by a stalk that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus superiorly
What does pituitary gland produce?
Hormones that control other glands and many body functions including growth
What does pituitary gland consist of?
Two lobes: anterior and posterior
What is thyroid gland consists of?
Right and left lobes that are connected by an isthmus
Where does thyroid gland lie?
In the neck region, with isthmus anterior to the lower larynx and upper trachea, and the lobes on either side
What does thyroid gland secrete?
Thyroxin
What is the blood supply of thyroid gland?
Arterial → superior and inferior thyroid arteries
Venous drainage → superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins
What are parathyroid glands?
They are 4 small glands embedded on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
They are 2 superior and 2 inferior glands
What does parathyroid gland secrete?
Parathormone → calcium balance
What is the blood supply of parathyroid gland?
As the thyroid gland
What is adrenal / suprarenal gland?
Paired glands that lie superior to the kidneys
What is the shape of the adrenal / suprarenal glands?
Right one → triangular
Left one → semilunar
Each suprarenal gland is formed of what?
An outer cortex and inner medulla
What are the hormones secreted by suprarenal glands?
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
Cortisol
Aldosterone
What 2 hormones are released in response to stress?
Adrenalin
Noradrenaline
For what is cortisol released?
Anti- inflammatory
For what is aldosterone released?
Control of sodium/water balance
What is pancreas?
An exocrine ( digestive enzymes) and endocrine gland (secreting hormones directly to the blood)
What are the hormones secreted by the pancreas?
Insulin and glucagon → regulate blood glucose levels
How does the pancreas lie?
Posterior to the stomach, with head being in the concavity of the duodenum and the tail reaching the hilum of the spleen
What is the blood supply of pancreas?
The splenic vessels that pass on the superior border of the pancreas
What are testis?
At is a part of the male reproductive system
Which hormone does the testis secrete?
Testosterone
What is an ovary?
Part of the female reproductive system
What does the ovary secrete?
Estrogen and progesterone
