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Anatomy II > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Define nervous system

A
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2
Q

What are the nerve cells of this system called ?

A

Neurons

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3
Q

Each neuron has what ?

A

A cell body and a nerve axon

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4
Q

What is the nervous system classified into?

A

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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5
Q

Central nervous system consists of what ?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

Peripheral nervous system consists of what ?

A

Somatic nerves and autonomic nerves

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7
Q

Brain consists of what ?

A

Cerebrum
Brain stem
Cerebellum

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8
Q

Spinal cord consists of what ?

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal

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9
Q

Somatic nerves consist of what ?

A

Cranial nerves - 12 pairs
Spinal nerves - 31pairs

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10
Q

Autonomic nerves consist of what ?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

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11
Q

What are the structures protecting the CNS ?

A

Bones and meninges

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12
Q

How do bones protect the CNS ?

A

Skull protects the brain
The vertebral column protects the spinal cord

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13
Q

How do meninges protect the CNS ?

A

3 sheets covering the brain and the spinal cord

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14
Q

What are the three sheets of meninges ?

A
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15
Q
A
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16
Q
A
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17
Q
A
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18
Q

Cerebrum is divided into what?

A

2 cerebral hemispheres by the median longitudinal fissure

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19
Q

The surface of each cerebral hemisphere shows what?

A

Raised parts called gyri and depressions or grooves called sulci

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20
Q

Each cerebral hemisphere is formed of what ?

A

4 lobes

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21
Q

What are the 4 lobes that each hemisphere is made up of ?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

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22
Q

What is the site of frontal lobe ?

A

Anterior

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23
Q

What is the site of parietal lobe ?

A

Laterally and above

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24
Q

What is the site of temporal lobe ?

A

Laterally and below

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25
Q

What is the site of occipital lobe ?

A

Posteriorly

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26
Q

What is the action of frontal lobe ?

A

Higher functions

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27
Q

What is the function of parietal lobe ?

A

Sensations

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28
Q

What is the function of temporal lobe ?

A

Auditory

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29
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe ?

A

Vision

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30
Q
A
31
Q

What is the cerebrum internally formed of ?

A

Grey and white matter

32
Q

What is the grey matter

A
33
Q

What is the white matter ?

A
34
Q
A
35
Q

Where does cerebellum lies ?

A

At the back of the head, inferior to the cerebrum and posterior to the brain stem

36
Q

How is cerebellum separated from the brain ?

A

By a cavity called fourth ventricle

37
Q

Cerebellum consists of what ?

A

2 cerebellar hemispheres

38
Q

What is the function of cerebellum ?

A

Coordinates the movement of the body and balance

39
Q

What is brain stem consisting of ?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata - continuous down as the spinal cord

40
Q

What process are controlled by brain stem ?

A

Breathing and heartbeat

41
Q
A
42
Q

What are the cavities of the brain and the spinal cord ?

A

These are cavities/spaces filled with fluid that are present in the brain and the spinal cord

43
Q

The cavities present in the brain are called what ?

A

Ventricles and they are continues downwards with the one present in the spinal cord

44
Q

The cavities present in the spinal cord are called what ?

A

Central canal of the spinal cord

45
Q

What is the fluid filling the cavities if the brain and spinal cord ?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

46
Q

How many ventricles does the brain have ?

A

4

47
Q

What are the ventricles of the brain ?

A

2 lateral ventricles
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle

48
Q

What is the site of the 2 lateral ventricles ?

A

Laterally in the cerebral hemisphere

49
Q

What is the site of the third ventricle ?

A

Medially in the cerebral hemisphere

50
Q

What is the site of the fourth ventricle ?

A

Between the brain stem anteriorly and the cerebellum posteriorly

51
Q
A
52
Q

What is the spinal cord ?

A

The downward continuation of the medulla oblongata

53
Q

Where does the spinal cord run ?

A

In the vertebral column

54
Q

What is there in the center of the cord ?

A

Central canal where the cerebrospinal fluid runs

55
Q

The spinal cord is a nervous tissue composed of what ?

A

White and grey matter

56
Q

What is the difference between the cerebrum and the spinal cord ?

A

The grey matter is the center of the cord and the white matter forms the outer layer of the spinal cord

57
Q

The spinal cord is divided into what ?

A

Segments according to the region of the vertebral column it lies in

58
Q

Each segment gives off what ?

A

A pair of spinal nerves

59
Q

In total how many segments are there in spinal cord?

A

31

60
Q

How are the 31 segments in the spinal cord divided ?

A
61
Q
A
62
Q

What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ?

A

The fluid circulating around the spaces that lie in/around the brain and the spinal cord

63
Q

In what spaces does the cerebrospinal fluid circulate ?

A
64
Q

How is the cerebrospinal fluid formed ?

A
65
Q

When the CSF reaches the subarachinoid space what happens ?

A

It gets absorbed by the arachinoid villi back to the bloodstream

66
Q

Where is the site of choroid plexuses ?

A

Ventricle of the brain

67
Q

What is the function of choroid plexuses ?

A

Production of CFS

68
Q

What is the site of the arachinoid villi ?

A

Subarachinoid space

69
Q

What is the function of the arachinoid villi ?

A

Absorption of the CSF

70
Q

What are the cranial nerves ?

A

The nerves emerging from the skull innervating the head and neck only

71
Q

How many pairs are there of cranial nerves ?

A

12

72
Q

What is the blood brain barrier ?

A

A membrane that controls the passage of substances from the blood into the central nervous system
It is a physical barrier between the local blood vessels and most parts of the central nervous system

73
Q

What is the BBB permeable for ?

A

Alcohol and some heavy metals can cross the BBB

Anatomy II (11 decks)

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