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GenBio 2 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the external respiration consist of?

A

nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx

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2
Q

Also called external nares and contains the paranasal sinuses where air is warmed. This also contains the cilia that is responsible for filtering out foreign bodies.

A

Nose

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3
Q

The external nares is divided into three:

A
  1. Internal Nares
  2. External Nares
  3. Nasal Conchae
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4
Q

Opening to the exterior

A

Internal Nares

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5
Q

Opening to the pharynx

A

External nares

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6
Q

Folds the mucous membrane increases the air turbulence & ensures the air contacts to the mucous membrane.

A

Nasal Conchae

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7
Q

Space that is used by the respiratory and digestive
system. Originate in the nasal and oral cavities and extends inferiorly near the level of the bifurcation of the larynx and the esophagus.

A

Pharynx

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8
Q

Commonly called the throat and is a pathway for air and food.

A

Pharynx

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9
Q

What are the three sections of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

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10
Q

Has adenoids that helps the body immune defense

A

Nasopharynx

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11
Q

Back portion of the mouth contain palatine tonsils helps the body immune defense

A

Oropharynx

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12
Q

Bottom section of the pharynx where it divides the esophagus and larynx

A

Laryngopharynx

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13
Q

Called as the voice box somewhat cylindrical airway that ends in the trachea

A

Larynx

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14
Q

Flexible tube is called
windpipe

A

Trachea

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15
Q

enforce to the trachea to make sure the
trachea is open at all times

A

Cartilage

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16
Q

Has a conical shape. Its wide, concave base rests upon the muscular diaphragm.

A

Lungs

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17
Q

Both lungs are bordered by the ____ that is supported by the ribcage.

A

anterior thorax , lateral thorax and posterior thorax

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18
Q

The ____ lung is divided into 2 lobes and is smaller.

A

left

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19
Q

The ___ lung is divided into 3 lobes and is bigger.

A

right

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20
Q

Outer surface of each lung and the adjacent internal thoracic wall is lined by a serous membrane called ____.

A

pleura

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21
Q

The lateral surface of the
diaphragm is called

A

parietal pleura

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22
Q

Outer surface of each lung

A

visceral pleura

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23
Q

These are continuous at the hillus of each lung.

A

Visceral & Parietal Pleura

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24
Q

Air enters through a system pipes called ___.

A

Bronchi

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25
Q

Are the important work of gas exchange between the air and blood.

A

Alveoli

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26
Q

When breathing in, air comes down the ____ and through the ____ into the ____.

A

Trachea, Bronchi, Alveoli

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27
Q

At the bottom of the cavity is a
large, flat muscle that is called
the ____.

A

Diaphragm

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28
Q

What are the three basic structure of the skin?

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Hypodermis
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29
Q

This covers, protects, and waterproofs the body.

30
Q

What are the 5 layers of the skin?

A

Stratum corneum , Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum germinativum, Stratum basale

31
Q

Keratinized layer, prevent loss or entry of water

A

Stratum Corneum

32
Q

Clear layer found on the thick skin

A

Stratum lucidum

33
Q

Grainy layer, stops dividing, starts producing

A

Stratum granulosum

34
Q

Innermost layer of the epidermis

A

Stratum germinativum

35
Q

Attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes

A

Stratum basale

36
Q

are specialized junctional complexes, that contribute to the attachment of epithelial cells to the underlying basement membrane in stratified and other complex epithelia

A

hemidesmosomes

37
Q

The ____ is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

38
Q

What are the four major types of skin cells?

A
  1. Keratinocytes - Produces keratin
  2. Melanocytes - Produces melanin pigment),
  3. Langerhans cells - Immune responses,
    rises from the red bone marrow
  4. Merkel cells - Sensation of touch
39
Q

Located between the epidermis and subcutaneous layer

40
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A
  1. Outer papillary layer -contains
    small capillaries, lymphatics,
    sensory neurons
  2. Deep reticular layer- Contains
    collagens & elastics fibers,
    Irregular connective tissue
41
Q

Also called the Subcutaneous Layer

A

Hypodermis layer

42
Q

Allows separate movement and made with areolar connective tissue and adipose tissues

A

Hypodermis

43
Q

Connects the skin to
muscle, has white blood cells

A

areolar connective tissue

44
Q

Stores energy, cushions bony
prominences

A

adipose tissues

45
Q

Includes skin and accessory
structure including nail and hair.

A

Integumentary System

46
Q

This covers our body and is the
largest organ of the body surface area and weight

47
Q

Organs that forms the hair, located in the dermis

A

Hair Follicle

48
Q

Smooth muscle, causes hairs to stand up

A

Arrector Pili

49
Q

Lubricates the hair

A

Sebaceous Glands

50
Q

Controls bacteria

A

Root Hair Plexus

51
Q

A loose connective tissue wrapped in the hair follicle

A

Connective Tissue Sheath

52
Q

lower part of the hair

53
Q

Upper part of the hair, consists of Medulla, Cortex, Cuticle

A

Hair Shaft

54
Q

Base of the hair follicles

55
Q

Made up of Keratinocytes

A

Hair Matrix

56
Q

Regulates hair’s growth

A

Hair Papilla

57
Q

Core, dead cells has soft keratin to be flexible

58
Q

Middle, dead cells has hard keratin to stiffness

59
Q

Out, overlapping dead keratinized cells from shiny surface

60
Q

This part of the nail extend pass the skin

61
Q

This part is visible in the nail area.

62
Q

This part of the nail is the skin on both sides of the nail.

63
Q

This is the whitened half-moon of the nail.

64
Q

This part of the nail lies at the base of the nail

A

Eponychium

65
Q

This part of the nail holds roots and matrix.

66
Q

This part of the nail generates cells to make nail

67
Q

This part of the nail is attached at the matrix.

68
Q

This part is the skin that the nail sits on.

69
Q

The nails slides on this part.

A

Nail Grooves

70
Q

This is the skin around the nail.

A

Perionychium

71
Q

This is underneath the free edge of the nail

A

Hyponychium

GenBio 2 (9 decks)

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