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GenBio 2 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

A continuous tube that begins in the mouth and ends in the anus.

A

Digestive System

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2
Q

Other term for Digestive System?

A

Alimentary Canal or Gastrointestinal Tract

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3
Q

Used for breaking down food into nutrients which is then passed through the circulatory system and is taken to where they are needed in the body

A

Digestive System

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4
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system?

A
  1. Ingest Food
  2. Breakdown food into nutrient molecules
  3. Absorb molecules into the bloodstream
  4. Elimination of solidwastes
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5
Q

What are the four stages of food processing?

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Digestion
  3. Absorption
  4. Egestion
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6
Q

What are the parts of the digestive system?

A
  1. Mouth
  2. Salivary glands
  3. Teeth
  4. Tongue
  5. Esophagus
  6. Stomach
  7. Small Intestine
  8. Liver
  9. Gallbladder
  10. Pancreas
  11. Large Intestine
  12. Rectum & Anus
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7
Q

What does the tongue contain that breaks down food with starch?

A

Amylase

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8
Q

This part of your mouth produces saliva

A

Salivary Glands

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9
Q

What are the three parts of the salivary glands?

A
  1. Parotid
  2. Sublingual
  3. Submandibular
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10
Q

This is used for mastication (Chewing, grinding of food)

A

Teeth

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11
Q

Food that is broken apart and mixed with saliva

A

Bolus

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12
Q

What are the four types of teeth?

A
  1. INCISORS - Biting and Cutting
  2. CANINE - Grasping and Tearing
  3. PRE-MOLAR - Grinding and Crushing
  4. MOLAR - Grinding and Crushing
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13
Q

These are a group of muscles covered with mucous membrane.

A

Tongue

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14
Q

Raised areas or bumps seen in the
surface of the tongue, used to grip the food
and contains the ‘taste buds’

A

Papillae

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15
Q

What are the types of Papillae?

A
  1. FUNGIFORM - Large ones located in front
    of the tongue
  2. FILIFORM - Smaller ones seen in the front
  3. VALLATE - Large ones at the back, mostly
    only 8 to 10 are seen
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16
Q

What are the five tastes?

A
  1. Sweet
  2. Salty
  3. Sour
  4. Bitter
  5. Umami
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17
Q

The bolus is passed to the ___, and the ____ makes sure that the bolus passes down to the ___.

A

pharynx, epiglottis, esophagus

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18
Q

The muscular tube wherein food passes from the
MOUTH to the STOMACH.

A

Esophagus

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19
Q

Opening of the esophagus lies next to the opening of the ____

A

Trachea

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20
Q

This is also known as the windpipe

A

Trachea

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21
Q

Wave of muscular contractions that push the bolus down towards the stomach.

A

Peristalsis

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22
Q

The food is then moved down from the ____ towards the stomach by wavelike muscular contractions called peristalsis.

A

Upper Esophageal Sphincter

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23
Q

a muscle valve that permits the passage of food and at the same time keeps stomach acid out of the esophagus.

A

Lower Esophageal Sphincter

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24
Q

A big muscular pouch, expandable organ.

A

Stomach

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25
Q

Upper portion of the stomach

A

Fundus

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26
Q

Lower portion of the stomach

A

Antrum

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27
Q

Created when bolus is mixed with Hydrochloric acid and other gastric juices

A

Chyme

28
Q

What does the gastric juice contain?

A
  1. Acids - kills off any invading bacteria or viruses
  2. Enzymes - help break down proteins and lipids
  3. Mucus - protects the lining of the stomach
    being eaten away by the strong acid
29
Q

Where does the Chyme pass through?

A

Pyloric Sphincter Valve

30
Q

After passing through the Pyloric Sphincter Valve, where does the Chyme go?

A

Small Intestine

31
Q

90% of the absorption occurs here and is about 21 feet long and 1 diameter

A

Small Intestine

32
Q

What assists the Small Intestine for absorption?

A

Liver & Pancreas

33
Q

What are the three parts of the Intestine?

A
  1. Duodenum - tube that runs from the stomach to the small intestine (1 foot).
  2. Jejunum - where majority of the absorption
    takes place (8 feet)
  3. Ilium - compacts the leftovers to pass through the large intestine (remaining 12 feet).
34
Q

These are hair-like prostitutions that allow the slow the passage of food and allow food
particles to be captured for blood to absorb the nutrients in the food.

A

Villi

35
Q

What are the two types of Villi?

A
  1. Villus capillaries - collects amino acids and glucose.
  2. Villus lacteals - collects absorbed fatty acids.
36
Q

Like a huge chemical factory. It stores Glucose, which we rely on for energy.

A

Liver

37
Q

Helps digest fats

A

Bile

38
Q

The liver’s primary contribution is the production of ___ which drains into the ____ and stored in the GALLBLADDER.

A

bile, duodenum

39
Q

breaking of large fat globules into smaller fat droplets

A

emulsification

40
Q

The liver also stores Iron and fat soluble vitamins. What are these fat soluble vitamins?

A

A, D, E, and K

41
Q

When chyme containing fats leaves the stomach, the ______ contracts and discharges bile through the _____ and ____ into the Duodenum of the small intestine.

A

gallbladder, cystic duct, common bile duct

42
Q

Secretes a juice into the duodenum to reduce the acidity of the chyme.

A

Pancreas

43
Q

Where pancreatic juice passes merging with the bile duct.

A

Pancreatic Duct

44
Q

contains digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions

A

Pancreatic juice

45
Q

Vital to digestion, that a person would
starve without it even if they are consuming
an adequate amount of food.

A

Pancreas

46
Q

How long is the large intestine?

A

4-5 Feet

47
Q

What are the divisions of the large intestine?

A
  1. Cecum
  2. Ascending Colon
  3. Transverse Colon
  4. Descending Colon
48
Q

Used to absorb excess water from the waste material, store unusable food matter, and eliminate the wastes from the body.

A

Large Intestine

49
Q

It’s main job is to form chyme into feces. The wall absorbs water into the bloodstream.

A

Large Intestine

50
Q

The wormlike tube attached in the Cecum. Thus also provides a place for friendly bacteria to be stored whenever we have an illness.

A

Appendix

51
Q

Storage of feces

A

Rectum

52
Q

Where the waste leave the digestive system through BOWEL MOVEMENT.

A

Anus

53
Q

For defecation or egestion, we consciously relax the external anal sphincter muscle to expel the waste through the anus.

A

Bowel movement

54
Q

What are the functions of the Excretory System?

A
  1. Removes waste from the human body
  2. Get rid of nitrogenous waste products of metabolism including ammonia, urea, and uric acid.
55
Q

What are the functions of the excretory System?

A
  1. FILTRATION - The EXCRETORY TUBULE collects filtrate from blood.
  2. REABSORPTION - The TRANSTPORT EPITHELIUM reclaims valuable substances from the filtrate and returns them.
  3. SECRETION - Other substances are extracted from body fluids and added to the contents of the excretory tube.
  4. EXCRETION - The filtrate leaves the system and the body.
56
Q

Located on both sides of the spine between thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.

A

Kidney

57
Q

Blood enters the kidneys through ____ and leaves through _____.

A

Renal arteries, Renal veins

58
Q

These are the tubes found in the kidneys, which carry waste products from the kidneys to the URINARY BLADDER for STORAGE or for RELEASE.

A

Ureters

59
Q

urine is expelled from the ____ through the ___.

A

Urinary Bladder through the Urethra

60
Q

What are the parts of the kidneys?

A
  1. Cortex
  2. Medulla
  3. Hilum
61
Q

located in the middle of the concave side of the kidney where blood vessels, nerves, and the ureters enter and exit the kidneys.

A

Hilum

62
Q

a hollow cavity where urine accumulates and drains into the ureter.

A

Hilum

63
Q

The functions units of the kidney.

A

Nephron

64
Q

What are the two parts of the nephron?

A
  1. Renal Corpuscle
  2. Renal Tubule - series of single layer
    tubules
65
Q

Tube approximately 6 to 7 inches long attached
to each kidney.

A

Ureters

66
Q

What are the three layers of the ureters?

A

Smooth Muscle, Fibrous Muscle, Mucous Layer

67
Q

A tube of smooth muscle with a mucous lining that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body.

A

Urethra

GenBio 2 (9 decks)

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