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GenBio 2 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

This primarily consists of glands. Produces and releases hormones. Coordinates signals via blood to organs, skin, muscles.

A

Endocrine System

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2
Q

What are the functions of the endocrine system?

A
  • Releases hormones into blood.
  • Monitors hormone levels.
  • Affects metabolism, homeostasis, growth, sexual function, reproduction, sleep-wake cycle, mood.
  • Over 50 hormones affect these
    aspects.
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3
Q

Located at brain base near optic chiasm.

A

Hypothalamus

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4
Q

Secretes hormones to stimulate or
suppress pituitary gland hormone release.

A

Hypothalamus

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5
Q

Controls water balance, sleep,
temperature, appetite, and blood
pressure.

A

Hypothalamus

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6
Q

Produces hormones regulating body processes.

A

Pituitary Gland

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7
Q

Sensitizes body’s needs and sends signals to
organs and glands.

A

Pituitary Gland

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8
Q

Affects metabolism, growth, sexual maturation,
reproduction, and blood pressure.

A

Pituitary Gland

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9
Q

Source of melatonin, hormone derived from
tryptophan & regulates circadian rhythm, 24-hour biological activity cycle.

A

Pineal Gland

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10
Q

Secretes triiodothyronine (T3)
and thyroxine (T4). These hormones regulate your weight, energy levels, internal temperature, skin, hair, nail growth, and metabolism.

A

Thyroid Gland

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11
Q

Part of endocrine system secreting hormones.
Mainly produce parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Regulates calcium, phosphorus, magnesium levels in bones and blood.

A

Parathyroid Glands

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12
Q

These hormones regulate your weight, energy levels, internal temperature, skin, hair, nail growth, and metabolism.

A

triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)

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13
Q

Small, triangular glands located on kidneys.
Produces hormones for metabolism, immune
system, blood pressure, stress response.

Composed of cortex and medulla for hormone
production.

A

Adrenal Glands

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14
Q

These are also known as sex hormones

A

Gonads

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15
Q

What are the female gonads?

A

Estrogen & Progesterone

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16
Q

Essential for reproduction and development of the female reproductive system.

A

Estrogen

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17
Q

Preparation for conception, regulates uterus changes, aids ovulation, and stimulates milk production during pregnancy.

A

Progesterone

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18
Q

What are the male gonads?

A

Testosterone & Androstenedione

19
Q

Essential for bone and muscle growth, body hair growth, broader shoulder, voice deepening, and penis growth.

A

Testosterone

20
Q

Precursor to estrogens and testosterone.

A

Androstenedione

21
Q

Another hormone for blood sugar regulation.

A

Glucagon

22
Q

Produced by ‘islets of Langerhans’ controls blood sugar levels.

A

Insulin

23
Q

the largest endocrine organ, produces and releases hormones like gastrin and ghrelin, which are crucial for metabolism.

A

digestive tract

24
Q

Filter blood and produce hormones like erythropoietin and renin, as part of the urinary system.

A

kidneys

25
Q

a vital component of the digestive system, is responsible for producing hormones such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and
angiotensinogen.

A

Liver

26
Q

What are the two hormones that the blood releases?

A

A-type natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide

27
Q

A temporary endocrine organ, that plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy pregnancy, preparing the body for labor, and breastfeeding.

A

Placenta

28
Q

A primary defense against germs that promotes healing and illness prevention.

Strengthening of this can be achieved through
nutritious food, exercise, and sleep.

A

Immune System

29
Q

What are the functions of the Immune System?

A
  1. Protects against bacteria, viruses, fungus, parasites, cancer cells.
  2. Prevents invasions, minimizes injury, heals damage.
  3. Adapts to new threats.
30
Q

Made in bone marrow, part of lymphatic system.

A

White blood cells

31
Q

Search for foreign invaders like bacteria,
viruses, parasites, fungi & launch immune attack upon discovery.

A

White blood cells

32
Q

Include lymphocytes like B-cells, T-cells, natural killer cells.

A

White blood cells

33
Q

Recognize antigens on microbe surfaces or in their chemicals.

A

Antibodies

34
Q

Mark microbes or toxins as foreign. Mark these antigens for destruction.

A

Antibodies

35
Q

Is made up of proteins whose actions complement the work done by antibodies.

A

Complement System

36
Q

Network of delicate tubes managing body fluid levels.

A

Lymphatic System

37
Q

Absorbs fats from the intestine. Composed of lymph nodes and lymph vessels. Lymphatic fluid contains infection-fighting white blood cells.

A

Lymphatic System

38
Q

Removes microbes. Destroys damaged red blood cells. Produces disease-fighting components of the immune system (including antibodies and lymphocytes).

A

Spleen

39
Q

Spongy tissue inside bones. Produces red, white, and platelets. Essential for oxygen transport,
infection fight, and blood clotting.

A

Bone Marrow

40
Q

Filters and monitors blood content. Produces T-lymphocytes.

A

Thymus

41
Q

a waterproof barrier that secretes oil with bacteria-killing properties.

A

Skin

42
Q

Traps foreign particles.

A

Phlegm

43
Q

waves mucous upwards for
coughing.

A

Cilia

44
Q

Mucous Lining Antibodies. Stomach acid kills most microbes.

A

Digestive Tract

GenBio 2 (9 decks)

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