Reproductive System Flashcards
What are the functions of the male reproductive organs?
- Production, maturation and storage of spermatozoa
- Delivery of spermatozoa in semen into the female reproductive tract
This is a pouch of pigmented skin, fibrous and connective tissue and smooth muscle.
Scrotum
What does the compartment of the scrotum contain?
- one testis
- one epididymis
- the testicular end of a spermatic cord.
The male reproductive glands and are the
equivalent of the ovaries in female.
Testis
Suspend the testes in the scrotum. Each cord
contains a testicular artery, testicular
veins, and lymphatics.
Spermatic Cord
are produced in the testes, specifically in the seminiferous tubules.
Spermatozoa
This is where spermatozoa are produced.
Seminiferous Tubules
The ___ contract and expel their stored contents - seminal fluid, during ejaculation, which forms 60% of the volume of semen.
Seminal Vesicles
A 5cm long tube that joins with the deferent duct to form the common ejaculatory duct.
Seminal Vesicles
Two tubes about 2cm long, each formed by the union of the duct from a seminal vesicle and a deferent duct.
Ejaculatory Duct
They pass through the prostate gland and join the prostatic urethra, carrying seminal fluid and spermatozoa to the urethra.
Ejaculatory Duct
The gland weighs about 8g in youth, but progressively enlarges (hypertrophies) with age.
Prostrate Gland
Secretes a thin,
milking fluid that makes up about
30%of the volume of semen, and
gives it its milky appearance
Prostrate Gland
Transport sperm from the epididymis to the prostatic urethra.
Ductus Deferens
The male sex accessory duct.
Epididymis
Stores the sperms for maturation and transport it to vas deferens.
Epididymis
It connects the testes to the vas deferens.
Epididymis
Organ used for urination and sexual intercourse.
Penis
It has spongy tissue that can fill with blood to cause an erection.
Penis
One of the three main bones that make up the pelvis. Protects the internal sex organs.
Pubic Bone/Pelvis
The external female genitalia
Vulva
What are the parts of the female genitalia?
labia majora and minora, clitoris, vaginal orifice, vestibule, hymen, and the vestibular glands.
A.k.a “Greater lips” are the part around the vagina containing Bartholin’s glands, which helps lubrication during intercourse
Labia Majora
“Lesser lips”. These are the two smaller folds skin between the labia majora, containing numerous sebaceous and eccrine sweet glands.
Labia Minora
Are thin hairless ridges at the entrance of the vagina. In front they split to enclose the clitoris.
Labia Minora
Corresponds to the penis in the male and contains sensory nerve endings and erectile tissues.
Clitoris
A small pea-shaped structure. It plays an important part in sexual excitement in females.
Clitoris
Bartholin’s glands are situated one on each side near the vaginal opening. They are about the size of a small pea and their ducts open into the vestibule immediately lateral to the attachment of the hymen.
Vestibular Glands
They secret mucus that keeps the vulva moist.
Vestibular Glands
Roughly triangular area extending from the base of the labia minora to the anal canal.
Perineum
It consists of connective tissue, muscle, and fat. It gives attachment to the muscles of the pelvic floor.
Perineum
Nourishes the developing fetus prior to birth.
Uterus
The dome-shaped part of the uterus above the openings of the uterine tubes.
Fundus
Anteriorly it lies of the fundus and the body where it is folded on to the upper surface of the urinary bladder. This fold of peritoneum forms the vesicouterine pouch.
Perimetrium
Posteriorly, the peritoneum covers the fundus, the body and the cervix, then it folds back on to the rectum to form the rectouterine pouch.
Perimetrium
The thickest layer of tissue in the uterine wall. It is a mass of smooth muscle fibers interlaced with areolar tissue, blood vessels and nerves.
Myometrium
Made up of the Columnar epithelial cells, consist mucous secreting tubular glands.
Endometrium
These are formed by a double fold of peritoneuma, one on each side of the uterus.
Broad Ligaments
These are brands of fibrous tissue between the two layers of broad ligament.
Round ligament
These originate from the posterior walls of the cervix and vagina and extend backwards, one on each side of the rectum, to the sacrum.
Uterosacral ligaments
These extend one from each side of the cervix and vagina to the side walls of the pelvis.
Transverse Cervical Ligaments
These are the fallopian tubes. They propel the ovum from the ovary to the uterus by peristalsis and ciliary movement.
Uterine Tubes
The secretions of the uterine tube nourish both
________.
ovum and spermatozoa
Where does the fertilization of the ovum take place?
Uterine Tubes
Where is the zygote propelled into for implantation?
Uterus
These are the female gonads. They lie in a shallow fossa on the lateral walls of the pelvis and store female gametes.
Ovaries
The maturation of ovaries is controlled by the ____ and ____.
hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland.
What are the 2 layers of tissue of the ovaries?
Medulla & Cortex
This lies in the center and consist of fibrous tissue, blood vessels, and nerves.
Medulla
This surrounds the Medulla. It has a framework of connective tissue, or stroma, covered by germinal epithelium.
Cortex
These contain an ovum.
Ovarian Follicle
This is the main part of the vagina. It is narrowest inferiorly at the internal os where it is continuous with the cervix.
Body
This is the neck of the uterus. It protrudes through the anterior wall of the vagina, opening into it at the external os.
Cervix
These are mammary glands and accessory glands of the female reproductive system.
Breasts
They also exist in males but only in a rudimentary form.
Breasts
The mammary glands of breasts consist of varying amounts of ____, responsible for milk.
Glandular Tissue
Each breast contains about ___ lobes, each of which contains a number of glandular structures called____, where milk is produced.
20, lobules
These allow the drainage of milk towards the nipple.
Lactiferous Ducts
Breast itself is covered in _____.
subcutaneous fat
In the _____, glandular tissue proliferates (hyperplasia) to support milk production, and recedes again after lactation stops.
lactating breast
An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue.
Hyperplasia
This is a small conical eminence at the centre of the breast surrounded by a pigmented area, the ___.
Nipples, Areola
On the surface of the areola are numerous sebaceous glands, which lubricate the nipple
during lactation. What are these sebaceous glands?
Montgomery’s tubercles
