respiratory system

Question 1

how many ribs protect the lungs

Answer 1

24- 12 in each side

Question 2

what muscle are in between the lungs?

Answer 2

intercostal muscle

Question 3

what are the lungs cover by?

Answer 3

the pleural membrane- consisting of two layers (one attaching to the chest wall and the other to the lungs)

Question 4

the right lung has ____ lobes

Answer 4

3

Question 5

how many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 5

2

Question 6

function of the bronchial tree

Answer 6

receives airflow from the nasal passage and has a tree like structure with the trachea splitting into the left and right side bronchus. the bronchi further divides into bronchioles and alveoli.

Question 7

what is the trachea made of?

Answer 7

rings of cartilage form the tube like structure

Question 8

alveoli

Answer 8

small sack like structures found in bunches at the end of bronchioles. they are thin walled to allow for gaseous exchange with the capillary system.

Question 9

gaseous exchange

Answer 9

the process of which oxygen and carbon dioxide are passes across a single cell membrane by diffusion. Oxygen moves moves from the alveoli into the red blood cells within the capillary and co2 moves into the alveolar air space to be expelled during expiration.

Question 10

phonation

Answer 10

the creation of sound by the structure of the upper respiratory tract.

Question 11

higher tension in the vocal cords

Answer 11

creates a higher pitch sound

Question 12

lower tension in the vocal cords

Answer 12

creates a lower pitch sound

Question 13

how does olfaction happen?

Answer 13

olfactory fibres in the nose stimulate the nervous system receptor on the cilla sending signals to the brain.

Question 14

what is breathing rate controlled by

Answer 14

controlled by sympathetic and parasympathetic system

Question 15

what does the sympathetic and parasympathetic system do?

Answer 15

the sympathetic systems triggers ‘fight or flight’ response. whereas the parasympathetic system triggers the ‘rest and digest’ state.

Question 16

the diaphragms role in respiration

Answer 16

the main muscle used for breathing, contracts to enlarge the chest cavity and causes a vacuum to pull air into the lungs

Question 17

intercostal muscles role in respiration (internal and external)

Answer 17

The external muscles are responsible for forced inhalation, they raise the ribs and expand the chest cavity. The internal muscles are responsible for forced exhalation

Question 18

abdominal muscles role in respiration

Answer 18

they contract to raise abdominal pressure and push the relaxed diaphragm against the lung to push the air out.

Question 19

Boyles Law

Answer 19

‘for fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature, the volume is inversely proportional to the pressure. Therefor as volume increases pressure decreases.

Answer 20

the system adjusts the width of bronchial and blood vessels accordingly to control the rate of breathing