fractures Flashcards
transverse fracture
a fracture at 90 degrees to the long axis of the bone
oblique fracture
a fracture at an angle across a bone
spiral fracture
a fracture that occurs at the ‘break point’ of a twisting force
Multifragmentary/ comminute fracture
a bone fractured into several pieces
avulsion fracture
a bony fragment separated from the main body of the bone (usually occurs at ligament and tendon insertions)
longitudinal/ fissure fracture
a fracture that runs parallel to the long axis of the bone
bowing
a bone bow but no cortical break
torus
a buckle of one cortex of a bone (common in paediatrics)
greenstick fracture
cortical break of one cortex with a buckle in the other- resembles a stick breaking due to being bent
stress fracture
occurs when a bone is unable to withstand repetitive loading force
-common in athletes
pathological fracture
a fracture that occurs due to bone weaken by a disease (tumours or infection)
dislocation
displacement of a bone from a joint
subluxation
partial dislocation
stage 1 of bone healing
blood vessels form the fracture sit clot/ haematoma
white blood cells (macrophages and inflammatory leukocytes) move in promoting inflammation to initiate healing and remove debris
what are macrophages and inflammatory leukocytes
white blood cells
stage 2 of bone healing
new capillaries organize the haematoma into procallus
fibroblasts make collagen fibres to bridge the fracture site
chondroblasts begin produce fibrocartilage which forms the soft callus
what is the granulation tissue procallus
soft tissue that provides anchorage between end of the fracture sites
what is a fibroblast
a type of cell that contributes to the formation of connective tissue during bone healing
