cardiovascular system

Question 1

functions of the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

• deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body
• remove waste products (CO2 lactic acid)
• transports hormone
• protects against disease and infection
  -maintains body temperature and fluid balance

Question 2

what does the heart wall consists of?

Answer 2

pericardium, myocardium and endocardium

Question 3

what is the bottom of the heart know as

Answer 3

the apex

Question 4

endocardium

Answer 4

the inner layer of the heart, lines the chambers and valves

Question 5

myocardium

Answer 5

middle layer of the heart wall, made up of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts

Question 6

pericardium

Answer 6

the fibrous sac that surround’s the heart.

Question 7

what are the 3 layers of the pericardium

Answer 7

fibrous, parietal, visceral

Question 8

main function of the atria

Answer 8

the main function is to receive blood and act as a vessel

Question 9

main function of the ventricles

Answer 9

the main function is to act as a pump to either the lungs or the rest of the body

Question 10

what is the atrial septum and ventricular septum function

Answer 10

to separate the sides of the heart

Question 11

the right atrium function

Answer 11

to receive deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava, pass on the blood to right ventricle via tricuspid valve.
- it is a collection vessel rather than a pumping chamber.

Question 12

left atrium function

Answer 12

to receive oxygenated blood back from the lungs via pulmonary veins, and sends it to left ventricle via bicuspid valve.
- has a thicker wall to with stand high pressure

Question 13

rights ventricle

Answer 13

receives de-oxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs to be re-oxygenated via pulmonary arterier.

Question 14

left ventricle

Answer 14

receives oxygenated blood from left atrium and pumps the blood around the body via aorta.
- very muscular as it needs to withstand high pressure and pump the blood.

Question 15

valve

Answer 15

they open and close during each heart beat and control the flow and direction of blood.

Question 16

pulmonary valve

Answer 16

between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Question 17

tricuspid valve

Answer 17

between the right atrium and right ventricle

Question 18

mitral valve

Answer 18

between the left atrium and ventricle

Question 19

aortic valve

Answer 19

between left ventricle and aorta

Question 20

how many vessels are in the heart and where are they?

Answer 20

3 vessels, two on the left (more muscular) and 1 on the right (under less strain- less muscle)

Question 21

right coronary artery role

Answer 21

feeds the right side of the heart (inferior)

Question 22

left main coronary artery role

Answer 22

splits into left anterior decending artery to feed the anterior, and circumflex to feed lateral and posterior

Question 23

which parts of the heart are part of systematic circulation?

Answer 23

the ascending aorta, vena cava (superior and inferior)

Question 24

which parts of the heart are part of pulmonary circulation?

Answer 24

the pulmonary artery and veins

Question 25

pulmonary circulation

Answer 25

process of carrying blood that is low in oxygen to the lungs for gas exchange. The oxygenated blood is then returned back to the heart to be pumped out via systemic circulation

Question 26

systemic circulation

Answer 26

the process that provides oxygen rich blood to the bodies tissue. The low oxygen blood is then pumped back to the heart.

Question 27

what is the difference between veins and arterys?

Answer 27

arteries carry deoxygenated blood where as veins carry oxygen rich blood.