bone structure, growth/ repair

Question 1

what is the difference between bone and cartilage?

Answer 1

bone is hard, inelastic and provides structure whereas cartilage is soft, elastic and flexible and stop friction between bones.

Question 2

what is the function on bone?

Answer 2

protection, structure, hemopoiesis (blood cell production), store/release of minerals, movement

Question 3

osteoblasts

Answer 3

cells that form new bone and grow/ heal existing bone

Question 4

osteocytes

Answer 4

mature bone cells

Question 5

osteoclasts

Answer 5

cells that break down bone tissue for growth and repair

Question 6

periosteum

Answer 6

the external membrane of bone

Question 7

haversain canal

Answer 7

tubes in bone that hold nerves, blood supply and lymphatic vessel

Question 8

lamellae

Answer 8

ring of bone around the haversain canal

Question 9

lacunae

Answer 9

the spaces between the lamellae that contain osteocytes

Question 10

canaliculi

Answer 10

carries the nutrient fluid in bone

Question 11

circumferential lamellae

Answer 11

rings of bone

Question 12

volkmanns canal

Answer 12

trasmits blood vessels from the periosteum into the bone, perpendicular to haversains canal

Question 13

ossification

Answer 13

the process of bone formation

Question 14

what is the primary centre of ossification

Answer 14

the middle of the diaphysis

Question 15

what is the secondary centre of ossification

Answer 15

the ends of the bone forming the epiphyses

Question 16

what order do osteoblasts and osteoclasts work in bone growth/repair

Answer 16

osteoblasts appear and lay bone down then the osteoclasts remodel the shape of the bone.

Question 17

chondrocytes

Answer 17

cartilage cells that calcify and ossify to form new bone

Question 18

what fuses together during bone fusion

Answer 18

the metaphysis and diaphysis fuse together

Question 19

what age is full skeletal maturity

Answer 19

25 years old

Question 20

fossa

Answer 20

wide depression in bone

Question 22

process

Answer 22

localized projection

Question 23

foremen

Answer 23

hole

Question 24

meatus

Answer 24

narrow passage

Question 25

condyles

Answer 25

smooth, rounded, elevated often covered in hyaline cartilage

Question 26

tubercle

Answer 26

small rounded elevation

Question 27

tuberosity

Answer 27

large rounded elevation

Question 28

fissure

Answer 28

narrow slit on bone

Question 29

epicondyle

Answer 29

elevation above a condyle

Question 30

cancellous bone

Answer 30

spongy bone

Question 31

sesamoid bones

Answer 31

usually develop in tendons near a joint to protect them for wear (patella)

Question 32

skeletal muscles

Answer 32

attach to and move bones by contracting and relaxing

Question 33

cardiac muscle

Answer 33

found within the myocardium, contract due to the cardiac conduction system

Question 34

differences between a tendon and a ligament

Answer 34

tendon is muscle to bone
ligaments are bone to bone