Respiratory System Flashcards
Is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants.
Respiratory System
Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in millions of small air sacs called _______ in mammals and reptiles, but atria in birds.
Alveoli
Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in millions of small air sacs called alveoli in mammals and reptiles, but _____ in birds.
Atria
These air sacs communicate with the external environment via a system of airways, or hollow tubes, of which the largest is the _______, which branches in the middle of the chest into the two main bronchi.
Trachea
These air sacs communicate with the external environment via a system of airways, or hollow tubes, of which the largest is the trachea, which branches in the middle of the chest into the two main _______.
Bronchi
These enter the lungs where they branch into progressively narrower secondary and tertiary bronchi that branch into numerous smaller tubes, the ___________.
Bronchioles
In birds, the bronchioles are termed ___________.
Parabronchi
Air has to be pumped from the environment into the alveoli or atria by the process of _________ which involves the muscles of respiration.
Breathing
In most fish, and a number of other aquatic animals the respiratory system consists of _____, which are either partially or completely external organs, bathed in the watery environment.
Gills
Filamentous respiratory organs that increase surface area for gas exchange in water.
Gills
Saclike respiratory organs with branching tubes that deliver air to a respiratory surface.
Lungs
They have the most efficient vertebrate lungs.
Birds
Supplemental airway when breathing is labored.
Oral Cavity (Mouth)
Double-layer membrane with a fluid-filled space between layers; keeps lungs airtight and helps them stick to chest wall during breathing.
Pleural Membrane
At rib cage, skeletal muscles with roles in breathing. There are two sets of intercostal muscles (external and internal).
Intercostal Muscles