Excretory System

Question 1

Are two bean-shaped organs found in vertebrates. They are located on the left and right in the retroperitoneal space.

Answer 1

Kidneys

Question 2

Each kidney is attached to a ______, a tube that carries excreted urine to the bladder.

Answer 2

Ureter

Question 3

Is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.

Answer 3

Nephron

Question 4

Filtration occurs in the __________: one-fifth of the blood volume that enters the kidneys is filtered.

Answer 4

Glomerulus

Question 5

The ______ participates in whole-body homeostasis, regulating acid-base balance, electrolyte concentrations, extracellular fluid volume, and blood pressure.

Answer 5

Kidney

Question 6

The kidney accomplishes these homeostatic functions both independently and in concert with other organs, particularly those of the _________ system.

Answer 6

Endocrine System

Question 7

Can be defined broadly as the elimination of metabolic waste products from an animal’s body.

Answer 7

Excretion

Question 8

The excretion of nitrogenous wastes is usually associated with the regulation of water and solute (ionic) balance by a physiological process called ______________.

Answer 8

Osmoregulation

Question 9

If the osmotic concentration of the body fluids of an animal equals that of the medium (the animals environment), the animal is an _____________.

Answer 9

Osmoconformer

Question 10

An animal that maintains its body fluids at a different osmotic concentration from that of its surrounding environment is an _____________.

Answer 10

Osmoregulator

Question 11

Animals living in seawater have body fluids with an osmotic concentration that is about 1/3 less (___________) than the surrounding seawater, and water tends to leave their bodies continually.

Answer 11

Hypoosmotic

Question 12

Freshwater animals have body fluids that are ____________ with respect to their environment, and water tends to continually enter their bodies.

Answer 12

Hyperosmotic

Question 13

Generally, marine invertebrates have about the ____ osmotic concentration as seawater.

Answer 13

Same

Question 14

Ions and wastes are mostly lost by _________ via the integument, gills, or urine.

Answer 14

Diffusion

Question 15

Freshwater invertebrates are strong ______________ because it is impossible to be isoosmotic with dilute media.

Answer 15

Osmoregulators

Question 16

The most successful terrestrial invertebrates are the?

Answer 16

Arthropods

Question 17

Some protists and marine invertebrates do not have specialized excretory structures because wastes simply _______ into the surrounding isoosmotic water.

Answer 17

Diffuse

Question 18

Are energy-requiring devices that expel excess water from individual cells exposed to hypoosmotic
environments.

Answer 18

Contractile Vacuoles

Question 19

Probably the earliest type of nephridium to appear in the evolution of animals was the?

Answer 19

Protonephridium

Question 20

__________ systems function primarily in eliminating excess water.

Answer 20

Flame-cell

Question 21

Exhibited by most annelids and a variety of other
invertebrates.

Answer 21

Metanephridia

Question 22

The excretory organs in SOME CRUSTACEANS (CRAYFISH) because of their location at the bases of the second antennae and green color in crayfish.

Answer 22

Antennal (Green) Glands

Question 23

In OTHER crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, lobsters), the excretory organs are near the maxillary segments and are termed _________ glands.

Answer 23

Maxillary Glands

Question 24

INSECTS have an excretory system made up of the gut and _________ _______ attached to the gut.

Answer 24

Malpighian Tubules

Question 25

__________ _______ end blindly in the hemocoel and open to the gut tract at the junction of the midgut and hindgut.

Answer 25

Malpighian Tubules

Question 26

Are paired, thin-walled, spherical sacs bathed in the blood of bloody sinuses. Common among arachnids.

Answer 26

Coxal Glands

Question 27

___________ lose water by evaporation, sweating or panting, elimination in feces and excretion by the urinary system.

Answer 27

Vertebrates

Question 28

What are the 3 major metabolic wastes that must be eliminated?

Answer 28

Ammonia, Urea, Uric Acid

Question 29

Vertebrates have a closed circulatory system containing blood that is under pressure. This pressure forces blood through a membrane filter in the ______.

Answer 29

Kidney

Question 30

What are the 3 key functions that take place in a kidney’s membrane filter?

Answer 30

Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion

Question 31

In which blood passes through a filter that retains blood cell, proteins and other large solutes but let small molecules, ions, and urea pass through.

Answer 31

Filtration

Question 32

In which selective ions and molecules are taken back into the bloodstream from the filtrate.

Answer 32

Reabsorption

Question 33

Whereby select ions and end products of metabolism that are in the blood are added to the filtrate for removal from the body.

Answer 33

Secretion

Question 34

Appears only briefly in many vertebrate embryos, and not at all in mammalian embryos.

Answer 34

Pronephros

Question 35

Replaces the pronephros. Is the functioning embryonic kidney of amniote embryo and also adult fishes and amphibians.

Answer 35

Mesonephros

Question 36

Embryo of reptiles, birds and mammals.

Answer 36

Amniote Embryo

Question 37

Gives way to the development of metanephros.

Answer 37

Mesonephros

Question 38

The most advanced kidney. Found in adult amniote.

Answer 38

Metanephros

Question 39

The archinephric duct becomes the ductus deferens for carrying sperm. The kidney is more compact and located more caudally in the body.

Answer 39

Metanephros

Question 40

Reptiles, Birds, Mammals:
Embryonic stage -
Adult -

Answer 40

Embryonic stage - Mesonephros
Adult - Metanephros

Question 41

Cartilaginous Fishes, Bony Fishes, Amphibians:
Embryonic stage -
Adult -

Answer 41

Embryonic stage - Mesonephros
Adult - Metanephros

Question 42

Reptiles, birds, and mammals all possess ___________ kidneys.

Answer 42

metanephric