Excretory System Flashcards
Are two bean-shaped organs found in vertebrates. They are located on the left and right in the retroperitoneal space.
Kidneys
Each kidney is attached to a ______, a tube that carries excreted urine to the bladder.
Ureter
Is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.
Nephron
Filtration occurs in the __________: one-fifth of the blood volume that enters the kidneys is filtered.
Glomerulus
The ______ participates in whole-body homeostasis, regulating acid-base balance, electrolyte concentrations, extracellular fluid volume, and blood pressure.
Kidney
The kidney accomplishes these homeostatic functions both independently and in concert with other organs, particularly those of the _________ system.
Endocrine System
Can be defined broadly as the elimination of metabolic waste products from an animal’s body.
Excretion
The excretion of nitrogenous wastes is usually associated with the regulation of water and solute (ionic) balance by a physiological process called ______________.
Osmoregulation
If the osmotic concentration of the body fluids of an animal equals that of the medium (the animals environment), the animal is an _____________.
Osmoconformer
An animal that maintains its body fluids at a different osmotic concentration from that of its surrounding environment is an _____________.
Osmoregulator
Animals living in seawater have body fluids with an osmotic concentration that is about 1/3 less (___________) than the surrounding seawater, and water tends to leave their bodies continually.
Hypoosmotic
Freshwater animals have body fluids that are ____________ with respect to their environment, and water tends to continually enter their bodies.
Hyperosmotic
Generally, marine invertebrates have about the ____ osmotic concentration as seawater.
Same
Ions and wastes are mostly lost by _________ via the integument, gills, or urine.
Diffusion
Freshwater invertebrates are strong ______________ because it is impossible to be isoosmotic with dilute media.
Osmoregulators
The most successful terrestrial invertebrates are the?
Arthropods
Some protists and marine invertebrates do not have specialized excretory structures because wastes simply _______ into the surrounding isoosmotic water.
Diffuse
Are energy-requiring devices that expel excess water from individual cells exposed to hypoosmotic
environments.
Contractile Vacuoles
Probably the earliest type of nephridium to appear in the evolution of animals was the?
Protonephridium
__________ systems function primarily in eliminating excess water.
Flame-cell
Exhibited by most annelids and a variety of other
invertebrates.
Metanephridia
The excretory organs in SOME CRUSTACEANS (CRAYFISH) because of their location at the bases of the second antennae and green color in crayfish.
Antennal (Green) Glands
In OTHER crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, lobsters), the excretory organs are near the maxillary segments and are termed _________ glands.
Maxillary Glands
INSECTS have an excretory system made up of the gut and _________ _______ attached to the gut.
Malpighian Tubules
