M5 Flashcards
Consists of all living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) features of the area occupied by the animal.
Habitat
Includes the following: availability of oxygen, inorganic ions, light, temperature and current or wind velocity; moisture, light, geology and soils.
Abiotic Factors
Animal’s response to any of the abiotic factors mentioned is referred to as _____, this can either be positive or negative.
Taxis
Includes interactions that happen among individuals of the same species as well as interactions between different species.
Biotic Factors
Are groups of individuals of the same species that dwell on a given area at the same time and possess distinctive characteristics.
Population
-Occurs among members of the same species.
-Involves utilization of the same resources that can hinder each other in acquiring those resources.
-Often intense because the resources considered here is nearly identical.
Intraspecific Competition
-Competition for resources that exists among members of different species.
-The result is that one species moves or become extinct, or two species share the resources and coexist.
Interspecific Competition
Only cutting and usually not killing the plant by a herbivore.
Herbivory
Killing and eating the prey.
Predatory
-Coordinated evolution of ecologically related species.
-Can happen on the species involved in the following interactions: interspecific competition and predation.
Coevolution
Continuing and intimate associations between two different species.
Symbiosis
Parasite lives in or on a host (can also involve multiple hosts).
Parasitism
One member of the relationship benefits while the other is neither benefited nor harmed.
Commensalism
Both members of the relationship benefit.
Mutualism
Means of animals to avoid detection, can either be visual, chemical or auditory.
Crypsis
Sequence of organisms through which energy moves in an ecosystem.
Food Chain
Species resembles one or sometimes more other species, this provides protection for them.
Mimicry
Communities including their physical environment.
Ecosystem
Food chains that are interconnected and is considered as more realistic.
Food Web
Grouping of organisms based on utilized form of energy.
Trophic Level
Acquire nutrition from inorganic materials; energy source. First trophic level.
Producers (Autotrophs)
Get energy through eating other organisms.
Consumers (Heterotrophs)
Eat producers. Primary consumers.
Herbivores
Eat carnivores that ate the herbivores. Tertiary Consumers.
Carnivores
Eat herbivores. Secondary consumers.
Some carnivores
Get nourished through large chunk of dead and decaying organic matter.
Scavengers
Breakdown dead organisms and feces.
Decomposers
-Cycling of all matter is observed from nonliving reservoirs going to living systems and eventually returned to nonliving reservoirs.
-There is no loss of matter, and after it is utilized, later it will come back and be used again.
Biogeochemical Cycles
Any element considered vital to the life of an organism.
Nutrient
Point at which the nutrients enter the living systems from the reservoir.
Fixation
-For oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
-Atmosphere or oceans serve as reservoir then fixation happens (nutrients are obtained as a gas and incorporated into living tissues).
Gaseous Cycles
-For sulfur, phosphorus and calcium that is found in lesser amount in living tissues.
-Earth is referred to as the reservoir, then followed by fixation.
Sedimentary Cycles
For water (cycle).
Hydrological Cycle
