Organelles Flashcards
Also called Plasma Membrane.
Cell Membrane
Separates the cell from its external environment.
Cell Membrane
Covers & protects the cell. Gives shape to the cell.
Cell Membrane
Semi-permeable: Regulates the movement and selects the material that passes through it.
Cell Membrane
Also called protoplasm. Inside of the cell.
Cytoplasm
Contains the organelles that perform all the physiological properties of the cell.
Cytoplasm
Gel-like material.
Cytoplasm
70% of the cytoplasm. Mixture of cytoskeleton filaments, dissolved materials, and water.
Cytosol
System of membranous tubules and sacs.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Internal transport system. Allows molecules in the cell to move from one part to another.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Lined with ribosomes (ER).
Rough ER
Protein synthesis & transport (ER).
Rough ER
No ribosomes (ER)
Soft ER
Transport materials other than protein (lipids) (ER).
Soft ER
Most common organelles in almost all cells. Not surrounded by a membrane.
Ribosomes
Sites for protein synthesis.
Ribosomes
Group of 80S ribosomes working together translating mRNA to polypeptides.
Polysome/Polyribosome
Floating in the cytoplasm. Size 70S. In prokaryotes.
Free Ribosomes
Lined the membranes of endoplasmic reticulum. Size 80S. In eukaryotes.
Attached Ribosomes
Powerhouse of the cell. Largest organelles second to nucleus and chloroplasts.
Mitochondria
Manufactures energy in the form of ATP. Metabolizes carbohydrate and fatty acid to generate energy.
Mitochondria
Acts like a digestive system to breakdown nutrients to produce energy rich molecules.
Mitochondria
Infoldings (increases the surface of mitochondrial membrane).
Cristae (mitochondria)
Processing and packaging plant, and secretory vesicle.
Golgi Apparatus
Fused flattened sacs or folds. Also called dictyosome (in golgi body).
Cisternae
Involved in the distribution of lipids around the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
Protein synthesized in the ER packed into the vesicles and fused with the golgi body for secretion via exocytosis.
Golgi Apparatus
Are vesicles with protein enzymes pinched off by golgi body to the cytoplasm.
Lysosomes
Storage bubbles found in cells. Membrane-bound fluid sac.
Vacuole
Stores large amount of various materials, like organic and inorganic molecules.
Vacuole
Assisting in endocytosis and exocytosis.
Vacuole
Tiny sac produced by golgi body.
Lysosome
Contains digestive enzymes to help in the process of digestion.
Lysosome
Digests and worn out organelles, and engulfed bacteria or viruses.
Lysosome
Complex network of interlinking filaments or tubules. Cell skeleton.
Cytoskeleton
Contractile (made of actin).
Microfilaments (cytoskeleton)
Rigid, hollow tubes (made of tubulin).
Microtubules (cytoskeleton)
Provide strength and support.
Intermediate filaments (cytoskeleton)
Organizing centers for microtubule. Contains 2 bundles of microtubules at right angle to each other.
Centrioles
Form the spindle fibers for the separation of chromosomes.
Centrioles
House of centrioles.
Centrosomes (centrioles)
For cell movement.
Flagella and Cilia
Short, hair-like, and numerous in number.
Cilia
Long, thread-like, and fewer in number.
Flagella
Normally the largest organelle.
Nucleus
Double membrane with many pores. Controls the movement of material in and out of the nucleus.
Nuclear envelope (nucleus)
Spherical body in the nucleus for protein synthesis.
Nucleolus (nucleus)
Houses the genes (DNA).
Centrosomes (nucleus)
