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Systems Of The Body > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the respiratory system do?

A

Provides the route of O2 into the body and CO2 out of the body

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2
Q

What does blood do in terms of the respiratory system?

A

Carries oxygen from lungs to cells and returns carbon dioxide from cells to lungs

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3
Q

What does the respiratory system consist of?

A
  • nasal cavity
  • pharynx
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • 2 bronchi
  • bronchioles
  • alveoli
  • lungs
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4
Q

What is the function of the nasal cavity

A
  • warms, moistens and filters air
  • protection of underlying epithelium via mucous membrane
  • smell, conveyed by olfactory nerves to the brain
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5
Q

What is the nasal lining?

A

Ciliated columnar epithelium

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6
Q

What is the pharynx? (Throat)

A

A tube like structure about 12-14cm long from base of skull to oesophagus

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7
Q

Where is the pharynx situated?

A

Posterior to the nasal and oral cavities

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8
Q

What is the pharynx made of?

A

Muscle and lined with mucous membrane

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9
Q

What are the 3 sections of the phaynx?

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

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10
Q

What are the 3 layers of tissue present in the pharynx?

A
  • mucous membrane lining
  • fibrous tissue- intermediate layer
  • smooth muscle tissue- play an important part in deglutition
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11
Q

What are the functions of the pharynx?

A
  • passageway for air and food
  • warming and humidifying
  • taste
  • hearing
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12
Q

where is the larynx (voice box) situated?

A

Lies at the root of the tongue and extends to trachea

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13
Q

What is the larynx lined with?

A

Ciliated mucous membrane

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14
Q

What are the functions of the larynx?

A
  • sound
  • protection of respiratory tract
  • passageway for air between pharynx & trachea
  • humidify, warming filter for air
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15
Q

What are the 3 layers of the trachea?

A
  • Outer layer- fibrous and elastic tissue encloses the cartilage
  • middle layer- cartilage & bands of smooth muscle
  • inner layer- lined with ciliated columnar epithelium
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16
Q

Functions of the trachea?

A
  • support
  • regular beating of cillia
  • cough reflex
17
Q

Describe the right bronchi

A
  • 2.5cm long, wider and shorter, divides into 3, one to each lobe of the lung
18
Q

Describe left bronchi?

A
  • 5cm long, narrower, divides into 2, one to each lobe
19
Q

What is the structure and function of the 2 bronchi?

A

The same as the trachea

20
Q

What do bronchi divide into?

A

Bronchioles, alveolar ducts and finally alveoli (tiny air sacs)

21
Q

Describe a bronchiole?

A
  • minute branch of bronchi
  • at bronchioles cartilage deminishes and muscle takes over
22
Q

What is the function of the bronchioles?

A
  • warming and humidifying
  • defence against microbes
23
Q

Describe the structure of alveoli?

A
  • tiny air sacs
  • the alveoli are surrounded by a network of capillaries
24
Q

What is the function of alevoli

A

the site of gas exchange during respiration via diffusion

25
Q

Describe the gas exchange process that happens in the alveoli

A

CO2 diffuses from venous blood into the alveoli, by the same process O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood

26
Q

Where are the lungs located?

A

Each side of midline of thoracic cavity

27
Q

What does the right lung divide into?

A

3 lobes

28
Q

What does the left lung divide into?

A

2 lobes to accommodate the heart

29
Q

What is the inner visceral pleura?

A

A serous membrane which is adherent to each lung

30
Q

What is the outer parietal pleura?

A

A serous membrane which adheres to the chest wall (diaphragm)

31
Q

What is the intercostal muscle?

A

Thin sheets of muscle running across gaps between the ribs

32
Q

What is the function of the intercostal muscle?

A

Contraction of these muscles causes the ribcage to expand upwards & outwards

Systems Of The Body (13 decks)

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