Circulatory Systems I

Question 1

How much blood is composed of plasma?

Answer 1

55%

Question 2

What are the functions of blood?

Answer 2

Transports: - oxygen & CO2
-nutrients
-excretory products
-hormones
-heat
-antibodies
-clotting factors

Question 3

Describe the structure of plasma?

Answer 3

• 90% water
• 10% dissolved substances ( plasma proteins and transported substances)

Question 4

What are the different plasma proteins?

Answer 4

• albumin
• globulins
• fibrinogen
• prothrombin

Question 5

Where is albumin formed?

Answer 5

In the liver

Question 6

What is the function of albumin?

Answer 6

Albumin helps maintain viscosity of the blood, ensuring blood is not to thin and moving through BV too fast - therefore maintains BP

Question 7

Where are globulins formed?

Answer 7

Liver or lymphoid tissue

Question 8

What is the function of globulins?

Answer 8

• produced during immune response
• transports hormones and minerals

Question 9

Where is fibrinogen produced and what is its function?

Answer 9

The liver and fibrinogen is necessary for haemostasis

Question 10

What is the function of prothrombin?

Answer 10

Essential substance in blood coagulation

Question 11

What is essential for prothrombin formation?

Answer 11

Vitamin K

Question 12

what is serum?

Answer 12

plasma which clotting factors have been removed

Question 13

what are some transported substances?

Answer 13

• enzymes
• hormones
• nutrients (amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, vitamins)
• organic waste products (urea and uric acid)
• dissolved gases &inorganic salts

Question 14

what is another term for a red blood cell?

Answer 14

Erythrocyte

Question 15

where are erythrocytes formed?

Answer 15

red bone marrow

Question 16

do erythrocytes have a nucleus?

Answer 16

No- they are corpuscles

Question 17

describe the reason for erythrocytes biconcave shape?

Answer 17

their biconcavity increases their surface area for gas exchange, and the thinness of the central portion allows fast entry and exit of gases

Question 18

what is the main function of an erythrocyte?

Answer 18

gas transport, mainly of oxygen

Question 19

describe the characteristics of an erythrocyte?

Answer 19

• tend to clump together in groups ‘rouleaux formation’
• 5mil per cubic mm of blood
• life span is 120 days

Question 20

what is the development of erythrocytes known as?

Answer 20

erythropoiesis

Question 21

what is necessary for erythrocyte maturation?

Answer 21

vitamin B12

Question 22

name an erythrocyte disorder?

Answer 22

anemia: - iron deficiency anemia
- vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
- sickle cell anemia

Question 23

what is another name for a platelet?

Answer 23

Thrombocyte

Question 24

describe the characteristics of a thrombocyte

Answer 24

• approx. 250,000 per cubic mm of blood
• life span of 8-10 days
• those not used in hemostasis are destroyed in spleen

Question 25

what is a thrombocyte?

Answer 25

• not a true cell
• corpuscle
• fragment of larger bone marrow cells

Question 26

how is thrombocyte production controlled?

Answer 26

it is unclear, but its thought to increase if there is a decrease in circulating thrombocyte count

Question 27

what are some thrombocyte disorders?

Answer 27

• thrombocytopenia (reduced platelet production)
• congenital disorders eg. hemophilia and von Willebrand’s disease