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REx-PN > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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NCLEX-PN® flashcards
1
Q

What are the three abnormal lung sounds?

A
  1. crackles
  2. ronchi
  3. wheezing
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2
Q

What is crackles?

A

The popping open of alveoli collapsed by fluid/exudate
- high pitch, hoping noise

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3
Q

What is ronchi?

A

secretions in airway
- heard on inspiration and expiration
- loud, low, coarse like snore

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4
Q

What is wheezing?

A

narrowing/ obstruction in respiratory tree
- musical whistling noise

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5
Q

What is respiratory distress?

A

hypoxia
- restlessness, anxiousness, dyspnea, tripod positioning, altered LOC, tachypnea, Brady pea, apnea, nasal flaring, grunting, cap refill less then 3 seconds

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6
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

infection of the lungs
- inflammation of the alveoli, decreased gas exchange

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7
Q

What is the symptoms of pneumonia?

A

O: obliterated lung sounds/crackles
U: unusual breathing pattern
C: chest pain
H: HR elevated
Y: yucky production cough (yellow/rusty)

C: chills
O:ongoing tachypnea
U: unusal fatigue
G: grasping for air
H: high fever

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8
Q

What is the treatment of pneumonia?

A

antibiotics(need sputum culture) , rest, plenty of fluids, Tylenol

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9
Q

What is COPD?

A

chronic and progressive inflammatory lung disease
- obstructed airway flow, caused by irritants

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10
Q

What is the symptoms of COPD?

A

T: thin with barrel chest
H: has chronic cough
E: eventual cor pulmonale

P: prolonged expiration
U: use of expiratory muscles
F: fatigue
F: frothy sputum
O: orthropnea/ dyspnea
R: retains o2

F: finger clubbing
I: increased respiratory infections
S: sounds wheezy
H: hyper resonance

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11
Q

What is the treatment of COPD?

A

symptom management, stop smoking, pursed lip breathing, bronchodilator, steroids(puffers)

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12
Q

What is the diagnosis of COPD?

A

symptoms, x-ray, spirometry testing, CT scan, ABG, bronchoscope

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13
Q

What is asthma?

A

chronic inflammatory airway disease, airway obstruction and bronchospasm, caused by genetic/ environmental factors

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14
Q

What is the symptoms of asthma?

A

W: wheezing
E: expiratory wheezing

C: coughing
A: are SOB
R: restless? cyanosis
E: experience tightness in chest

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15
Q

What is the treatment of asthma?

A

identify and avoid trigger
acute: inhalers(bronchodilators, corticosteroids
chronic: IV corticosteroids, Mg Sulfate/ hospitalization

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16
Q

What is the diagnosis of asthma?

A

pattern of symptoms, response to treatment, spirometry testing

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17
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

genetic(autosomal recessive gene)- both parents are carriers
- effects exocrine glands (pancreatic ducts/intestines/bronchi) causing thick mucus production and repeated respiratory infection
NO CURE

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18
Q

What is the symptoms of cystic fibrosis?

A

S: steatorrhea
L: low absorption of vitamins/ enzymes
I: is always coughing
M: meconium, ileus in newborn
E: expanding abdo girth
Y: yucky cough

L: lethargy
U: upper resp infections
N: no digestive enzymes
G: gets clubbing/ barrel chest
S: steady hypoxia

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19
Q

What is the treatment of cystic fibrosis?

A

take pancreatic enzymes 3o mins of eating, Vitamin A D E K soluble, high fat/calories/protein/salt diet, pulmonary therapy

20
Q

What is the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis?

A

sweat chloride test

21
Q

What is TB?

A

serious airborne lung infection caused by mycobacterium TB

22
Q

What is the symptoms of TB?

A

F: fever
R: rusty sputum
A: a chronic cough
I: increased perspiration
L: loss of weight

23
Q

What is the treatment of TB?

A

medication and antibiotics over long period of time

24
Q

What is the diagnosis of TB?

A

chest x-ray, tb skin test, sputum culture

25
Q

What is ARDS?

A

inflammation compromising alveolar lining(severe trauma)
- fluid fills the alveoli preventing oxygenation

26
Q

What is the symptoms of ARDS?

A

H: hypoxia
E: excessive restlessness
L: LOC decreases
P: Pulse and RR increase

M: major dyspnea
E: extreme distress

27
Q

What is the treatment of ARDS?

A

O2
most require mechanical ventilation and PEP
Antibiotics, anticoagulants

28
Q

What is the diagnosis of ARDS?

A

symptoms, chest x-ray, CT scan, ABG, o2 status

29
Q

What is pulmonary embolism?

A

blood clot in lung

30
Q

What is the symptoms of pulmonary embolism?

A

T: tachycardia/pnea
R: restless (hypoxia)
A: afraid
G: get sudden chest pain
I: in distress
C: can have pink frothy sputum

31
Q

What is the treatment of pulmonary embolism?

A

prevention of it
o2, anticoagulants, bleeding precautions, surgery, bedrest, ted stocking

32
Q

What is the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism?

A

low poco2, o2, high pH

33
Q

What is pneumothorax/hemothorax?

A

hemo: blood in pleural space
pneu: air in plural space

causing collapse lung

34
Q

What is the symptoms of pneumothorax hemothorax?

A

S: SOB
A: anxiety
D: decreased breath sounds on affected side

P: pleural pain
A: asymmetrical breathing
I: increased HR
N: noticeable distress

35
Q

What is the treatment of pneumothorax hemothorax?

A

thoracentesis, chest tube, oxygen, daily chest x ray

36
Q

What is the diagnosis of pneumothorax hemothorax?

A

symptoms, chest x ray, ABG

37
Q

What is a thoracentesis?

A

removal of blood from plural space

38
Q

What is an open pneumothorax?

A

sucking wound, opening into lung allowing air to enter the pleural space

39
Q

What is tension pneumothorax?

A

build up of pressure in the pleural space causing mediastinal shift which obstructs venous return to the heart

40
Q

What is the symptoms of tension pneumothorax?

A

H: hyper expanded chest
E: extreme resp distress
L: loss of breath sounds
P: pulse and reps rapid

S: SC emphysema
A: Asymmetrical chest expansion
V: Verging on circulatory collapse
E: eventual deviating trachea

41
Q

What is the treatment of tension pneumothorax?

A

IMMEDIATE large bore needle inserted by physician into 2nd intercostal space to allow air to escape then chest tube to re-establish pressure

42
Q

What is the diagnosis of tension pneumothorax?

A

symptoms, chest x-ray, CT scan, o2 status

43
Q

What is a rib fracture?

A

fracture in rib

44
Q

What is the symptoms of a rib fracture?

A

C: crepitus
R: respiratory hypoventilation
U: unusal resp (shallow)
D: discomfort (guarding)

45
Q

What is the treatment of a rib fracture?

A

support injury, prevent flair chest, DO NOT immobilize

46
Q

What is a flail chest?

A

multiple fractures on one rib

47
Q

What is the treatment of a flail chest?

A

stabilize, intubate, ventilate, PEEP

REx-PN (14 decks)

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