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REx-PN > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a thyroid gland?

A

iodine from food makes 3 hormones: T3, T4, Calcitonin

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2
Q

What is calcitonin?

A

tones down serum Ca, takes it out of blood and into bones

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3
Q

What is hyperthyroidism?

A

high energy, graves disease, high T4

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4
Q

What is the diagnosis for hyperthyroidism?

A

high T4, large glowing thyroid scan

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5
Q

What is the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

A

weight loss, edema, nervousness, exophthalmos, enlarged thyroid, decreased attention span, intolerant to heat, clubbing, enlarged breast, high BP, pulse, Extreme appetite, rapid GI, excessive energy

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6
Q

What is the treatment of hyperthyroidism?

A

medication, radioactive iodine, surgery

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7
Q

What is the exophthalmos care in hyperthyroidism?

A

hypoallergenic tape to close eyelids, artificial tears, dark glasses for hypersensitivity

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8
Q

What is hypothyroidism?

A

high TSH, low T4, presenting symptoms

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9
Q

What is the symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A

intolerant to cold, alopecia, metabolism slow, slow speech, low energy, off emotions, weight gain

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10
Q

What is the treatment of hypothyroidism?

A

medication

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11
Q

What is the myxoedema coma in hypothyroidism?

A

rare and life threatening
- precipitated by infection/illness/trauma/surgery/meds
symptoms: puffy skins, edema, prickly sporse hair, prominent tongue

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12
Q

What is a parathyroid gland?

A

secretes PTH

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13
Q

What is a hyperparathyroid?

A

too much PTH

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14
Q

What is the symptoms of hyperparathyroid?

A

high Ca, low phosphate, sedation

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15
Q

What is the treatment of hyperparathyroid?

A

parathyroidectomy

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16
Q

What is hypoparathyroid?

A

too little PTH

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17
Q

What is the symptoms of hypoparathyroid?

A

low Ca, high phosphate, not sedated

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18
Q

What is the treatment of hypoparathyroid?

A

IV calcium, phosphate binding drugs

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19
Q

What is an adrenal gland?

A

releases cortex steroids

20
Q

What are the three cortex steroids produced for adrenal glands?

A

glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, sex hormone

21
Q

What is pheochromocytoma?

A

adrenal medulla illness

22
Q

What is the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma?

A

24 hr urine to detect high levels of epi/norepinephrine
avoid stress during 24hr

23
Q

What is the symptoms of pheochromocytoma?

A

flushing, increase pulse, rising BP, diaphoresis

24
Q

What is the treatment of pheochromocytoma?

A

surgical removal of benign tumours

25
Q

What is Addisons disease?

A

adrenocortical insufficiency

26
Q

What is the cause of Addisons disease?

A

Hyperkalemia and hypoglycaemia

27
Q

What is the treatment of Addisons disease?

A

meds: fludrocortisone
decreased K intake
daily weights
I/O

28
Q

What is the symptoms of Addisons disease?

A

E: extremely low Na
V: vitiligo
I: increased K
L: low blood sugar

L: low BP
A: Anorexia
N: Nausea
D: decreased bowel sounds

29
Q

What is addisonian crisis?

A

severe hypotension shock

30
Q

What is the diagnosis of Addisons disease?

A

blood test, symptoms

31
Q

What is Cushings disease?

A

adrenocortical hyperactivity

32
Q

What is the cause of cushings disease?

A

too many steroids (aldosterone)

33
Q

What is the symptoms of cushings disease?

A

I: increased HCL
M: moon face

A: amenorrhea

P: purple striae
I: irritability
N: Na and fluid retention

C: changes in personality
U: unusual bruising
S: susceptible to infection
H: hump on back
I: increased BS
O: osteoporosis
N: nubby thin extremities

34
Q

What is the treatment of cushings disease?

A

surgery, meds, decreaseNa intake, increase K and Ca intake, daily weights, I/O, quiet stress free environment, avoid infection

35
Q

What is the diagnosis of cushings disease?

A

blood test
symptoms

36
Q

What is diabetes?

A

too much sugar in the blood not getting into the cells as a result of little or no insulin hormone

37
Q

What is the normal lab values for diabetes?

A

3.9- 6.1

38
Q

What are the three types of diabetes?

A
  1. type 1
  2. type 2
  3. gestational
39
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A

needles and from birth
- produce little or no insulin

40
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

lifestyle choices causes diabetes
- produce little insulin or insult doesn’t work

41
Q

What is gestational diabetes?

A

pregnancy diabetes
- moms pancreas cannot keep up with demands of mom and baby
- baby is hypoglycemia at birth

42
Q

What are the complications of diabetes?

A

macrovascular: PVD, CAD, cerebrovascular disease
microvascular: retinpathy

43
Q

What is hypoglycemia?

A

cool and clammy
- irritable, anxious, headache, tachycardia, impaired vision, restless, excessive hunger, dizzy

44
Q

What is hyperglycaemia?

A

3 P

45
Q

What is diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

dangerously increased BS

46
Q

What is the treatment of ketoacidosis?

A

treat the cause
- monitor BS and K levels
- ABG
- Fluids to dilute blood

47
Q

What is the symptoms of ketoacidosis?

A
  • 3 P
  • altered LOC, metabolic acidosis, fruity breath, hyperkalemia

REx-PN (14 decks)

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