Renal System

Question 1

What is the kidney function?

Answer 1

water removal, acid base balance, toxin removal, regulate electrolytes, filter blood, activate vitamin D, regulate BP

Question 2

What are the labs associated with kidneys?

Answer 2

BUN, creatinine, specific gravity

Question 3

What are kidney stones?

Answer 3

small hard stones made of minerals and acid salts that lodge anywhere in the urinary tract from the kidneys to the bladder, Most are made from calcium

Question 4

What are the symptoms of kidney stones?

Answer 4

nausea and vomitting, output low, tinged urine, flank pain, unable to void, needs to pee

Question 5

What is the diagnosis for kidney stones?

Answer 5

physical assessment, urinalysis, CT scan, abdominal X-ray, analysis of passed stone

Question 6

What is the treatment for kidney stones?

Answer 6

Pain management, antiemetics, passing stone naturally, surgery, lithotripsy

Question 7

What is glomerulonephritis?

Answer 7

inflammation of glomerulous

Question 8

What is the symptoms for glomerulonephritis?

Answer 8

T: tinged urine
A: are Hypertensive
P: protein urea

I: increased urea, creatinine, specific gravity
S: sore throat

O: output low
F: fever/fatigue
F: facial edema

Question 9

What is the diagnosis for glomerulonephritis?

Answer 9

urinalysis, labs

Question 10

What is the treatment for glomerulonephritis?

Answer 10

treat infection, daily weights, decrease na and protein intake, monitor for kidney failure

Question 11

What is nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 11

inflammation of glomerulus and it develops holes where protein leak through into urine causing low albumin. without albumin, fluid leaks into tissues

Question 12

What is the symptoms for nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 12

weight gain, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, proteinuria, edematous

Question 13

What is the treatment for nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 13

diuretics, reduce na, anticoagulants, increase protein, prednisone

Question 14

What is the diagnosis for nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 14

urinalysis and blood tests

Question 15

What is kidney failure?

Answer 15

Acute: sudden loss of kidney function that is reversible
chronic: recovery unlikely of loss of kidney function
end stage: death and permanent loss of kidney function

Question 16

What is the symptoms for kidney failure?

Answer 16

I: increased bun and creatinine
S: specific gravity elevated

R: retaining fluid
E: electrolyte imbalance
T: toxins in blood
A: anemia
I: increased BP
N: N&V
E: eventual ureic frost
D: danger for HF

Question 17

What is the treatment for kidney failure?

Answer 17

DEPENDS ON HOW BAD. daily weights, dialysis, kidney transplant, medications, maintain fluid balance

Question 18

What is the diagnosis for kidney failure?

Answer 18

Urinalysis, blood tests, output measurement, CT

Question 19

What is hemodialysis?

Answer 19

machine filter blood for kidneys

Question 20

Who needs hemodialysis?

Answer 20

acid base imbalance, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, renal failure, ureic symptoms, intoxication, too much fluid

Question 21

What is peritoneal dialysis?

Answer 21

for those who can’t tolerate hemodialysis, peritoneal membrane does the job by filtering blood

Question 22

What are the type types of peritoneal dialysis?

Answer 22

continuous ambulatory: done 4 times a day
continuous cycle: connected to dialysis cycler throughout the night