Renal System Flashcards
What is the kidney function?
water removal, acid base balance, toxin removal, regulate electrolytes, filter blood, activate vitamin D, regulate BP
What are the labs associated with kidneys?
BUN, creatinine, specific gravity
What are kidney stones?
small hard stones made of minerals and acid salts that lodge anywhere in the urinary tract from the kidneys to the bladder, Most are made from calcium
What are the symptoms of kidney stones?
nausea and vomitting, output low, tinged urine, flank pain, unable to void, needs to pee
What is the diagnosis for kidney stones?
physical assessment, urinalysis, CT scan, abdominal X-ray, analysis of passed stone
What is the treatment for kidney stones?
Pain management, antiemetics, passing stone naturally, surgery, lithotripsy
What is glomerulonephritis?
inflammation of glomerulous
What is the symptoms for glomerulonephritis?
T: tinged urine
A: are Hypertensive
P: protein urea
I: increased urea, creatinine, specific gravity
S: sore throat
O: output low
F: fever/fatigue
F: facial edema
What is the diagnosis for glomerulonephritis?
urinalysis, labs
What is the treatment for glomerulonephritis?
treat infection, daily weights, decrease na and protein intake, monitor for kidney failure
What is nephrotic syndrome?
inflammation of glomerulus and it develops holes where protein leak through into urine causing low albumin. without albumin, fluid leaks into tissues
What is the symptoms for nephrotic syndrome?
weight gain, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, proteinuria, edematous
What is the treatment for nephrotic syndrome?
diuretics, reduce na, anticoagulants, increase protein, prednisone
What is the diagnosis for nephrotic syndrome?
urinalysis and blood tests
What is kidney failure?
Acute: sudden loss of kidney function that is reversible
chronic: recovery unlikely of loss of kidney function
end stage: death and permanent loss of kidney function
What is the symptoms for kidney failure?
I: increased bun and creatinine
S: specific gravity elevated
R: retaining fluid
E: electrolyte imbalance
T: toxins in blood
A: anemia
I: increased BP
N: N&V
E: eventual ureic frost
D: danger for HF
What is the treatment for kidney failure?
DEPENDS ON HOW BAD. daily weights, dialysis, kidney transplant, medications, maintain fluid balance
What is the diagnosis for kidney failure?
Urinalysis, blood tests, output measurement, CT
What is hemodialysis?
machine filter blood for kidneys
Who needs hemodialysis?
acid base imbalance, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, renal failure, ureic symptoms, intoxication, too much fluid
What is peritoneal dialysis?
for those who can’t tolerate hemodialysis, peritoneal membrane does the job by filtering blood
What are the type types of peritoneal dialysis?
continuous ambulatory: done 4 times a day
continuous cycle: connected to dialysis cycler throughout the night
