respiratory system

Question 1

the respiratory system mediates the uptake of

Answer 1

oxygen needed for metabolism and the release of carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere

CO2 is a waste product of the body

Question 2

the process of bringing oxygen into the lungs is known as

Answer 2

breathing

aka inhaling and exhaling

Question 3

ventilation

Answer 3

exchanging the gas oxygen with the gas carbon dioxide in the lungs

Question 4

air enters through

Answer 4

1. nasal openings
2. moves into the nasal cavity
3. travels past the pharynx (throat).
4. and into the trachea
5. air continues to the first division of the trachea: the right and left primary bronchi
6. the air in the **right bronchus **continues to the right lung
7. the air in the left bronchus continues to the left lung
8. the right and left bronchi subdivide into smaller and smaller tubes called bronchioles
9. bronchioles terminate in alveoli
10. **type 1 alveolar cells ** that make up the alveolar wall
11. alveoli have **type 2 alveolar cells **that release a lipoprotein called surfactant

trachea: large tube reinforced by cartilage rings that keep it from collapsing

alveoli: thin-walled (one cell thick) strucutures that organize to look like clusters of grapes; sites of gas exchange

surfactant: a substance that reduces the surface tension

Question 5

the heart is located in the

Answer 5

mediastinum

marginally on the left side

as a result the right lung has more space anf is larger than the left

def: area between the 2 lungs

Question 6

the right lung has how many lobes?

Answer 6

3 lobes:
* superior
* middle
* inferior

Question 7

the left lung has how many lobes?

Answer 7

2 lobes:
* superior
* inferior

Question 8

each lobe in the lungs are divided into

Answer 8

bronchopulmonary segments

each segment receives air from its own bronchus and receives blood from its own artery

Question 9

each lung is contained with what 2 things?

Answer 9

pleura and pleural fluid

pleura: tough protective double membrane

Question 10

the lungs are in what body cavity

Answer 10

thoracic cavity

Question 11

the heart’s pulmonary system sends blood low in

Answer 11

oxygen and high in carbon dioxide

to the lungs where oxygen is picked up

and carbon dioxide is dropped off

this happens where capillaries of the cirulatory system interact with alveoli of the lungs

this oxygenated blood is then returned to the heart where the systemic circulation sends it to all parts of the body

as oxygen is consumes by the cells the blood becomes deoxygenated and is returned to the heart

Question 12

diffusion

gas exchange in the lungs occurs by

Answer 12

diffusion

which is a passive transport mechanism

Question 13

diffusion

the rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the

Answer 13

surface area involved and the concentration gradient and is inversely proportional to the distance between the 2 solutions

for ex the rate of diffusion increases if the distance between the blood cells and the alveoli is decreased

Question 14

diffusion

oxygen in the lungs moves into the

Answer 14

blood and carbon dioxide in the blood moves into the lungs

the lungs then exhale the CO2 into the atmosphere

Question 15

diffusion

when the heart’s pulmonary vessels enter the lungs, the blood has a

Answer 15

low concentration of oxygen whereas the recently inhaled air in the alveoli has a high concentration of oxygen in comparison to the capillaries

Question 16

diffusion

the thin alveolar epithelium allows the

Answer 16

diffusion

Question 17

diffusion

capillaries contain high levels of

Answer 17

carbon dioxide

while alveoli contain high levels of oxygen and a low concentration of carbon dioxide

therefore carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli and oxygen into the blood capillaries

Question 18

diffusion

inhalation brings in

exhaltion releases

Answer 18

inhalation: oxygen

exhalation: carbon dioxide

Question 19

factors affecting respiratory system

asthma

Answer 19

a condition in which airways of respiratory system narrow

results from the swelling of the airways or from mucus buildup

• can make it difficult to breathe
• can lead to shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, wheezing

Question 20

factors affecting respiratory system

environmental pollutants such as chemicals, pollen, and smoke which can impede lung function by damaging

Answer 20

cilia or causing emphysema, allergies, and inflammation

Question 21

factors affecting respiratory system

genetic conditions can seriously impede lung action such as

Answer 21

lung sufactant insufficiency
asthma
cyctic fibrosis

Question 22

factors affecting respiratory system

there are several pathogens that affect lung function and cause diseases such as

Answer 22

influenza
tuberculosis
pneumonia

for ex influenza is an infection caused by a virus that affects many parts of this system including the
nasal cavity
trachea
bronchi
lungs