cardiovascular system Flashcards
Parts of the cardiovascular system
the heart is made up of
cardiac muscle and is split into 4 chambers
Parts of the cardiovascular system
what are the 4 heart chambers
upper chambers are the atria
lower chambers are the ventricles
Parts of the cardiovascular system
the atria and ventricles are attached to
veins and arteries that are connected to diff parts of the body
Parts of the cardiovascular system
one-way valves control the flow of blood
into and out of the chambers of the heart
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
the cardiovascular system performs the vital functions of
transporting nutrients
hormones
wastes
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
the closed circulatory system is a
double-loop system consisting of thick-walled arteries that transport blood away from the heart, thinner-walled veins that transport blood to the heart, and capillaries made of a single layer of endothelium that form a network that connect arteries to veins in tissues
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
the open lymphatic system circulates and
filters interstitiual fluid between cells and eventually drains into the circulatory system
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
the closed, double-loop system transports
blood and hormones
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
what are the 2 parts of the closed, double-loop system
pulmonary and systemic
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
pulmonary closed, double-loop carries
deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs where it is oxygenated and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
systemic closed, double-loop carries
oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body, returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
the heart undergoes two cycles of contractions
systole
diastole
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
systole
indicated contraction of heart muscles
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
diastole
is relaxation of heart muscles
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
simplified overview of the heart cycle
- the ventricles contract (ventricular systole)
- causing the atrioventricular valves (including the mitral and tricuspid valves) to close; making a “lub” sound
- subsequently the empty ventricles are filled by blood pushed out during atrial systole
- at the same time, the semilunar valves in the aorta and pulmonary trunk close, preventing blood from falling back into the ventricles, making a “dub” sound and completing the “lub-dub” sound of the heart
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
ventricular contractions are controlled by a
“pacemaker” called the “sinoatrial node”
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
sinoatrial node function
sends out eletrical signals
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
what kind of walls do arteries have
thick walls to withdtand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
what kind walls do veins have
walls with a thinner muscle layer and larger lumen
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
blood plasma contains
nutrients
hormones
antibodies
and other immune proteins
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
red blood cells contains
hemoglobin
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
hemoglobin
transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and transport some of the carbon dioxide back to the lungs for removal
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
where is the CO2 being used
about 5%-7% of CO2 is dissolved in plasma
85% of CO2 is used to maintain acid-base or pH balance in the blood through the bicarbonate buffer system
after hemoglobin transports some CO2 back to the lungs for removal
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
white blood cells are divided into 2 groups
granulocytes: basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils
agranulocytes: monocytes and lymphoctes
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
white blood cells defend against
pathogens
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
platelets are responsible
blood clotting
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
the open circulatory system’s capillaries drain
interstatial fluid that fills the spaces between the cells and filter it through a system of lymph nodes that are enriched in lymphocytes and marcophages that provide surveillance by the immune system
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
what is lymph
plasma with the red blood cells removed
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
lymph eventually drains
into the large veins leading back to the heart
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
large numbers of leukocytes and lymphcytes are enriched in
lymph nodes where they monito and respond to foreign molecules washed into the system
fucntions of the cardiovascular system
typically lymph nodes are enriches in
oral
nasal
and genital regions where forgein entities enter the body
general understanding of
heart attack
general understanding of
stroke
general understanding of
aneurysms
general understanding of
atheroclerosis
general understanding of
arrhythmias
general understanding of
hypertension
blood flow through the cardiovascular system
- starts in the
left ventricle
* oxygenated blood is pumped to the body
* as it flows through arteries to capillaries, it transports oxygen to tissues and picks up carbon dioxide
blood flow through the cardiovascular system
- then the
deoxygenated blood
* returns to the heart through veins
* concentrated with CO2
* enters the heart through the right atrium and then flows into the right ventricle
* the right ventricle pumps the blood toward the lungs through arteries where it picks up oxygen and loses CO2
* then it returns to the heart through the left atrium using veins and starts the cycles again
