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ATI TEAS: HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY > cardiovascular system > Flashcards

cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the cardiovascular system

the heart is made up of

A

cardiac muscle and is split into 4 chambers

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2
Q

Parts of the cardiovascular system

what are the 4 heart chambers

A

upper chambers are the atria
lower chambers are the ventricles

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3
Q

Parts of the cardiovascular system

the atria and ventricles are attached to

A

veins and arteries that are connected to diff parts of the body

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4
Q

Parts of the cardiovascular system

one-way valves control the flow of blood

A

into and out of the chambers of the heart

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5
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

the cardiovascular system performs the vital functions of

A

transporting nutrients
hormones
wastes

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6
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

the closed circulatory system is a

A

double-loop system consisting of thick-walled arteries that transport blood away from the heart, thinner-walled veins that transport blood to the heart, and capillaries made of a single layer of endothelium that form a network that connect arteries to veins in tissues

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7
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

the open lymphatic system circulates and

A

filters interstitiual fluid between cells and eventually drains into the circulatory system

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8
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

the closed, double-loop system transports

A

blood and hormones

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9
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

what are the 2 parts of the closed, double-loop system

A

pulmonary and systemic

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10
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

pulmonary closed, double-loop carries

A

deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs where it is oxygenated and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium

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11
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

systemic closed, double-loop carries

A

oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body, returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

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12
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

the heart undergoes two cycles of contractions

A

systole
diastole

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13
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

systole

A

indicated contraction of heart muscles

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14
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

diastole

A

is relaxation of heart muscles

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15
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

simplified overview of the heart cycle

A
  • the ventricles contract (ventricular systole)
  • causing the atrioventricular valves (including the mitral and tricuspid valves) to close; making a “lub” sound
  • subsequently the empty ventricles are filled by blood pushed out during atrial systole
  • at the same time, the semilunar valves in the aorta and pulmonary trunk close, preventing blood from falling back into the ventricles, making a “dub” sound and completing the “lub-dub” sound of the heart
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16
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

ventricular contractions are controlled by a

A

“pacemaker” called the “sinoatrial node”

17
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

sinoatrial node function

A

sends out eletrical signals

18
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

what kind of walls do arteries have

A

thick walls to withdtand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

19
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

what kind walls do veins have

A

walls with a thinner muscle layer and larger lumen

20
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

blood plasma contains

A

nutrients
hormones
antibodies
and other immune proteins

21
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

red blood cells contains

A

hemoglobin

22
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

hemoglobin

A

transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and transport some of the carbon dioxide back to the lungs for removal

23
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

where is the CO2 being used

A

about 5%-7% of CO2 is dissolved in plasma
85% of CO2 is used to maintain acid-base or pH balance in the blood through the bicarbonate buffer system

after hemoglobin transports some CO2 back to the lungs for removal

24
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

white blood cells are divided into 2 groups

A

granulocytes: basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils
agranulocytes: monocytes and lymphoctes

25
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

white blood cells defend against

A

pathogens

26
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

platelets are responsible

A

blood clotting

27
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

the open circulatory system’s capillaries drain

A

interstatial fluid that fills the spaces between the cells and filter it through a system of lymph nodes that are enriched in lymphocytes and marcophages that provide surveillance by the immune system

28
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

what is lymph

A

plasma with the red blood cells removed

29
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

lymph eventually drains

A

into the large veins leading back to the heart

30
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

large numbers of leukocytes and lymphcytes are enriched in

A

lymph nodes where they monito and respond to foreign molecules washed into the system

31
Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

typically lymph nodes are enriches in

A

oral
nasal
and genital regions where forgein entities enter the body

32
Q

general understanding of

heart attack

A
33
Q

general understanding of

stroke

A
34
Q

general understanding of

aneurysms

A
35
Q

general understanding of

atheroclerosis

A
36
Q

general understanding of

arrhythmias

A
37
Q

general understanding of

hypertension

A
38
Q

blood flow through the cardiovascular system

  1. starts in the
A

left ventricle
* oxygenated blood is pumped to the body
* as it flows through arteries to capillaries, it transports oxygen to tissues and picks up carbon dioxide

39
Q

blood flow through the cardiovascular system

  1. then the
A

deoxygenated blood
* returns to the heart through veins
* concentrated with CO2
* enters the heart through the right atrium and then flows into the right ventricle
* the right ventricle pumps the blood toward the lungs through arteries where it picks up oxygen and loses CO2
* then it returns to the heart through the left atrium using veins and starts the cycles again

ATI TEAS: HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (9 decks)

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