digestive system

Question 1

Digestion begins at the ____
proceeds throughout the _____
to the ____

Answer 1

Mouth
Abdominal cavity
Anus

Question 2

The digestive system function is to

Answer 2

Breakdown food for absorption and distribution of nutrients to the rest of the body

Question 3

Specialized regions and glands perform both

Answer 3

Mechanical (physical) and chemical (enzymatic) digestion

Question 4

the smooth muscle involved in mechanical digestion and movement of food through the digestive system is controlled by the

Answer 4

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 5

Blood vessels located along the stomach & small and large intestines
absorb

Answer 5

digested nutrients

Question 6

undigested food is stored in the

Answer 6

rectum for elimination

Question 7

structure and function of the digestive system

1. food is ingested through the

Answer 7

mouth where mechanical digestion begins

mechanical digestion: any physical breakdown of food

Question 8

structure and function of the digestive system

2.
by chewing and grinding food in the mouth, food is broken down into

Answer 8

smaller pieces, which increases surface area

Question 9

structure and function of the digestive system

3.
mucus in saliva lubricates the

Answer 9

food and provides the enzymes amylase and lipase to initiate chemical digestion of starch and lipids

Question 10

structure and function of the digestive system

chemical digestion is

Answer 10

the process were enzymes break down food particles into simple chemicals that can be used by the body

Question 11

structure and function of the digestive system

4.
next food is packaged into small parcels called a

Answer 11

“bolus” and swallowed (deglutition)

Question 12

structure and function of the digestive system

5.
as the bolus passes through the

Answer 12

pharynx,
the epiglottis closes the tracheal opening so that food does not enter the respiratory system, and the
food passes into the esophagus

Question 13

structure and function of the digestive system

6.
peristalsis

Answer 13

which is the contractions of muscle,
moves the bolus through the gastric spincter to the stomach

Question 14

structure and function of the digestive system

7.
the esophageal (cardiac) spincter prevents

Answer 14

reflux of food back into the esophagus

Question 15

structure and function of the digestive system

8.

once in the stomach, digestion continues.

the stomach is a sac made up of ____ muscles

stomach muscle contractions mechanically break down food even further and mix with secretions to form a substance called

Answer 15

chyme

Question 16

structure and function of the digestive system

there are 3 main secretions of the stomach

Answer 16

mucus
hydrochloric acid
pepsinogen

Question 17

structure and function of the digestive system

9.
what are the functions of the 3 main secretions of the stomach

Answer 17

mucus lines the stomach
hydrochloric acid creates an acidic environment
pepsinogen is converted into pepsin

Question 18

structure and function of the digestive system

pepsin is

Answer 18

an enzyme that helps chemically digest proteins in the acidic environment

Question 19

structure and function of the digestive system

10.

next the chyme is pushed into the

Answer 19

small intestine

Question 20

structure and function of the digestive system

11.

the first part of the small intestine is the duodenum.

in the duodenum chyme is neutralized by

Answer 20

• bicarbonate from pancreatic secretions
• receives alkaline bile juices from the gallbladder, which helps neutralize acidic chyme
• produces a large number of “brush border” enzymes, including proteases, lactase and other disaccharidases and bicarbonate

Question 21

structure and function of the digestive system

12.

Villi and microvilli in the small intestine (largely the ileum) absorb

Answer 21

• water-soluble (polar, hydrophilic) digested nutrients into blood
• lipids into lacteals as chylomicrons and vitamin B12

Question 22

structure and function of the digestive system

13.

blood, carrying nutrients, passes from the small intestine to the

Answer 22

liver through the hepatic duct, allowing liver enzymes to deaminate amino acids, convert to urea, metabolize consumed toxins, and store glucose as glycogen

Question 23

structure and function of the digestive system

14

the digested material then passes into the

Answer 23

cecum and into the large intestine or colon

Question 24

structure and function of the digestive system

15.

the vermiform appendix projects from the cecum, which is located at the

Answer 24

junction of the small and large intestines

Question 25

structure and function of the digestive system

16.

a lot of water and nutrients are absorbed in the _________ ________

_________ ________ absorbs remaining water and salt from digested food

Answer 25

small intestine
large intestine

Question 26

structure and function of the digestive system

17.

the waste from the small intestine is exposed to

Answer 26

• bacterial fermentation in the colon
• vitamin K is absorbed in the large intestine
• the waste accumulates in the rectum and is ejected through the anus

Question 27

hormones involved in digestion

ghrelin induces

Answer 27

hunger

Question 28

hormones involved in digestion

leptin causes the sensation of

Answer 28

satiety

*satisfied feeling of being full

Question 29

hormones involved in digestion

insulin induces

Answer 29

cellular uptake of glucose

Question 30

hormones involved in digestion

glucagon stiumates the breakdown of

Answer 30

stored glycogen

Question 31

practice problems

which of the following organs does digestion begin?

a. mouth
b. stomach
c. small intestine
d. pancreas

Answer 31

a. mouth

Question 32

practice problems

which of the following organs does the breakdown of proteins begin?

a. mouth
b. stomach
c. small intestine
d. pancreas

Answer 32

b. stomach

Question 33

practice problems

which of the following structures absorbs nutrients in the small intestine?

a. mucus
b. microvilli
c. enzymes
d. hormones

Answer 33

b. microvilli

Question 34

practice problems

which best describes peristalsis

a. the partly digested food moving from the stomach to the small intestine
b. the mechanical breakdown of food entering the stomach
c. muscle contractions that mvoe food through the digestive tract
d. chemical digestion of food with the help of enzymes

Answer 34

c. muscle contractions that mvoe food through the digestive tract