Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the respiratory system?
network of organs that allow us to breathe and provide other structures with oxygen
Connection to cardiovascular system
they both work together to supply oxygen and eliminate co2
Additional roles of the respiratory system
speech
blood pH
filtration
elimination
Divisions of the respiratory system
conducting and respiratory zone
Conducting zone parts
nose
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal broncioles
Respiartory zone
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
pulmonary alveoli
What is mucosa
lines the conducting zone structures
filters and conditions air
made of epithelium, connectve tissue, mucous
Key features and functions of mucosa
mucous-outer layer to trap
cilia-to sweep
goblet cells-produce mucous layer
epithelium-ciliated, pseudo stratified columnar
basement membrane-seperate connective and epithelial
lamina propria-connect tissue
The nose and nasal cavity
frontal
nasal
ethmoid
cartilage
maxilla
palatine
vomer
sphenoid
Paranasal sinuses
produce mucous, resonate sound, condition air, decrease weight of skull
4-frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal, maxillary
The pharynx
“throat”
funnel-shaped tube
passage of air and food function and resonates sound
3 divisions-nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynogopharynx
The larynx
voice box
shot passageway from pharynx to trachea
contains the epiglottis, thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage and vestibular folds and vocal folds
The trachea
“windpipe”
air passageway from larynx to bronchi
contains C-shaped cartilaginous rings
anterior to esophagus
seperated by left and right bronchi (carina)
The bronchi and bronchioles
primary bronchi-left and right division of trachea
entry to lung
right is shorter and wider
secondary bronchi-lobar bronchi 1 per lobe
tertiary bronchi-10 per lung
bronchioles-division of tertiary bronchi
progressively get smaller in diameter = terminal bonchi
The lungs
in the thoracic cavity
paired cone-shaped organs
seperated by the heart (pericardial cavity)
each lung is enclosed by pleural membrane
Pleural membranes
parietal-lines thoracic cavity
visceral pleua-adheres to lung
pleural cavity is between the 2 membranes to reduce friction
Lung surfaces
apex-top
costal surface-where costal cartilage is
mediastinal surface-middle
base-diaphragmatic surface
the lungs and their lobes
right lung has 3 lobes and 2 fissures (superior, middle and inferior lobes) with horizontal fissure and oblique fissure)
left lung has 2 lobes and 1 fissure (only oblique)
Long hilum
entry to lung
contains pulmonary artery, primary bronchi
pulmonary veins
Thoracic cavity
lungs sit within the thoracic cavity
rib age protects lungs vaccum inside your chest cavity
Pulmonary Ventilation
physical movement of air into and out of the lungs (inhale and exhale)
functions a continuous supply of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide
Rules of ventilation
volume and pressure are inversely related
volume of lungs is dependent on the volume of the thoracic cavity
the thoracic cavity volume is dictated by the muscles of inspiration and expiration
Rule of entilation regarding gases
Gases move from aea of high pressure to low pressure
Gases moving at rest, upon inhalation and exhalation
at rest: atmosphere pressure=pressure in lungs
inspiration: atmospheric pressure is greater than lung pressure
expiration: atmospheric pressure is less than pressure in lungs