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Anatomy > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the respiratory system?

A

network of organs that allow us to breathe and provide other structures with oxygen

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2
Q

Connection to cardiovascular system

A

they both work together to supply oxygen and eliminate co2

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3
Q

Additional roles of the respiratory system

A

speech
blood pH
filtration
elimination

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4
Q

Divisions of the respiratory system

A

conducting and respiratory zone

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5
Q

Conducting zone parts

A

nose
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal broncioles

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6
Q

Respiartory zone

A

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
pulmonary alveoli

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7
Q

What is mucosa

A

lines the conducting zone structures
filters and conditions air
made of epithelium, connectve tissue, mucous

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8
Q

Key features and functions of mucosa

A

mucous-outer layer to trap
cilia-to sweep
goblet cells-produce mucous layer
epithelium-ciliated, pseudo stratified columnar
basement membrane-seperate connective and epithelial
lamina propria-connect tissue

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9
Q

The nose and nasal cavity

A

frontal
nasal
ethmoid
cartilage
maxilla
palatine
vomer
sphenoid

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10
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

produce mucous, resonate sound, condition air, decrease weight of skull
4-frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal, maxillary

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11
Q

The pharynx

A

“throat”
funnel-shaped tube
passage of air and food function and resonates sound
3 divisions-nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynogopharynx

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12
Q

The larynx

A

voice box
shot passageway from pharynx to trachea
contains the epiglottis, thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage and vestibular folds and vocal folds

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13
Q

The trachea

A

“windpipe”
air passageway from larynx to bronchi
contains C-shaped cartilaginous rings
anterior to esophagus
seperated by left and right bronchi (carina)

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14
Q

The bronchi and bronchioles

A

primary bronchi-left and right division of trachea
entry to lung
right is shorter and wider

secondary bronchi-lobar bronchi 1 per lobe

tertiary bronchi-10 per lung

bronchioles-division of tertiary bronchi
progressively get smaller in diameter = terminal bonchi

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15
Q

The lungs

A

in the thoracic cavity
paired cone-shaped organs
seperated by the heart (pericardial cavity)
each lung is enclosed by pleural membrane

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16
Q

Pleural membranes

A

parietal-lines thoracic cavity
visceral pleua-adheres to lung
pleural cavity is between the 2 membranes to reduce friction

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17
Q

Lung surfaces

A

apex-top
costal surface-where costal cartilage is
mediastinal surface-middle
base-diaphragmatic surface

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18
Q

the lungs and their lobes

A

right lung has 3 lobes and 2 fissures (superior, middle and inferior lobes) with horizontal fissure and oblique fissure)
left lung has 2 lobes and 1 fissure (only oblique)

19
Q

Long hilum

A

entry to lung
contains pulmonary artery, primary bronchi
pulmonary veins

20
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

lungs sit within the thoracic cavity
rib age protects lungs vaccum inside your chest cavity

21
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

A

physical movement of air into and out of the lungs (inhale and exhale)
functions a continuous supply of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide

22
Q

Rules of ventilation

A

volume and pressure are inversely related
volume of lungs is dependent on the volume of the thoracic cavity
the thoracic cavity volume is dictated by the muscles of inspiration and expiration

23
Q

Rule of entilation regarding gases

A

Gases move from aea of high pressure to low pressure

24
Q

Gases moving at rest, upon inhalation and exhalation

A

at rest: atmosphere pressure=pressure in lungs
inspiration: atmospheric pressure is greater than lung pressure
expiration: atmospheric pressure is less than pressure in lungs

25
Q

Inspiration

A

increase in thoracic volume
decrease in lung pressure, pulling in air
quiet and deep are 2 types

26
Q

Expiration

A

decrease in thoracic volume
increase in lung pressure, air expelled
passive and active are 2 typea

27
Q

Muscles of inspiration

A

diaphragm
scalenes
external intercostals

28
Q

Diaphragm

A

bounded between thoaric cavity and abdominal cavity
action during quiet and deep inspiration contracts to increases volume of thoracic cavity and expand lungs

29
Q

Superificial muscles in ribs

A

fingers run towards pockets for external intercostals
these elevate the ribcage and sternum to increase volume of the thoracic cavity

30
Q

Passive expiration

A

no muscle contraction involved
muscles of inspiration return to resting position
recoil of lungs forces air out

31
Q

Muscles of forced expiration

A

external oblique
internal oblique
transverse abdominis
rectus abdominis

32
Q

Internal intercostals

A

deep to external intercostals
fibers run towards opposite shoulder
action during forced expiration is it depressed the rib cage and sternum to decrease volume of the thoracic cavity

33
Q

Abdominal muscles

A

action during forced expiration
abdominal muscles will move the diaphragm up and depress the rib cage to decrease volume of the thoracic cage

34
Q

Summary of breathing

A

inspiraory muscles contract
thoracic volume increases
lungs expand
intrapulmonary pressure drops
pressure in lungs is less than atmosphere
air flows in
pressure in lungs will reach 0
triggers expiration
lungs recoil
diaphragm and chest wall relaxe
thoracic volume decreases
intrapulmonary pressure ruses
pressure in lungs greater than atmosphere
air is forced out of lungs

35
Q

Respiratory portion

A

primary site of gas exchange (oxygen into blood stream
carbon dioxide out of blood stream
capillary network surrounding alveolus
large surface area and thin membrane allow for maximun gas exchange

36
Q

Alveoli

A

type 1 pneumocytes-simple squamous epithilium of alveoli, the thin walls allow for gas exchange

Elastic fibers-allow the alveoli to stretch and recoi

Type 2 pneumocytes (septal cells) produce surfactant:oily substance that reduces surface tension, also this prevents the collapse of alveoli

Alveolar macrophage
“dust cells”
phagocytose particles

37
Q

The respiratory membrane

A
  1. capillary endothelium
  2. fused basement membranes
  3. alveolar epithelium (type 1 pneumocytes)
    (this is where gas exchange occurs)
38
Q

External Respiration (pulmonary)

A

exchange between the body’s fluids and the external environment (pulmonory circuit and alveoli)
oxygen enters the blood from alveoli via inhalation
carbon dioxide exits blood into alveoli via exhalation
blood gains 02 and loses CO2

39
Q

Internal respiration

A

gas exchange between the systemic circuit and cells of the body
oxygen exits blood from capillary to tissue in need
carbon dioxide exits tissue into capillary
blood loses oxygen and gains carbon dioxide

40
Q

Blood supply

A

circulatory system
systemic circuit- between heart and body
pulmonary circuit-between heart and lungs

41
Q

Systemic circuit

A

blood becomes deoxygenated at body tissues
deoxygenated blood is returned to the heart through the SVC and IVC
oxygenated blood exits the heart through the aorta
travels to body tissue in need of oxygen

42
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

pulmonary artery, carries deoxygenated vlood (righ in co2) from the heart to the lungs, exhale co2 at lungs

pulmonary vein-carried oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

43
Q

Circulatory System Review

A

tissue uses oxygen
deoxygenated blood through vena cava to right atrium
right ventricle
pulmonary artery
blood travels back to the heart via the pulmonary vein
enters left atrium
left ventricle
exits heart at aorta
oxygenated vlood to tissues in need

Anatomy (9 decks)

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