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Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Oral cavity features

A

superior lip
superior labial frenulum
gingivae
fauces
soft palate
uvula
lingual frenulum
gingivae
inferior labial frenulum
inferior lip

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2
Q

Oral vestibule

A

space between teeth/gums and lips/cheecks

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3
Q

Oral cavity proper

A

“mouth”
space between teeth/gums and fauces

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4
Q

Borders

A

anterior-lips, teeth, oral vestibule

lateral (walls)
cheeks

posterior
fauces

superior (roof)
hard palate and soft palate

inferior (floor)
tongue

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5
Q

What is the function of the mouth

A

secretion-lubrication
Protection-senses and analyzes foods
digestion-mechanical and chemical breakdown

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6
Q

Teeth

A

function for mastication (chewing)
located on the alveolar processes on maxilla (upper jaw)
alveolar processes on mandible (lower jaw)

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7
Q

Types of teeth

A

incisors “bite”
canines “cut/tear”
premolars “crush/grind”
Molars “crush and grind”

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8
Q

deciduous teeth

A

deciduous teeth=20
5 in each quadrant (2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 molars)

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9
Q

permanent teeth

A

=32
8 in each quadrant
incisors (2)
canines (1)
premolars (2)
molars (3)

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10
Q

Tongue

A

epiglottis
lingual tonsils-posterior 1/3, immobile and rough
papillae-anerior 2/3, mobile portion

Functions to taste, mechanical breakdown and speech

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11
Q

Salivary glands

A

secrete saliva into the oral cavity
reduces friction
chemical digestion

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12
Q

What are the 3 salivary glands

A

parotid gland
sublingual gland
submandibular gland

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13
Q

Parotid gland

A

largest
secretes salivary amylase
serous secretions

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14
Q

sublingual gland

A

muccous secretions

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15
Q

salivary glands

A

seromucous secretions

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16
Q

Bolus

A

soft, flexible mass of food that cant be swallowed

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17
Q

Pharynx

A

“throat”
funnel-shaped tube
inferior borders
foodway
oro-pharynx, laryngopharynx

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18
Q

Esophagus

A

long, collapsible muscular tube
secretes muccous
lubricates lumen
transports food to stomach
NO ABSORPTION
NO DIGESTIVE ENZYMES

pathway is
larynopharynx
inferior neck
mediastinum
esophageal hiatus
stomach

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19
Q

Where is the esophagus situated

A

anterior to vertebral column
posterior to trachea

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20
Q

What is peristalsis

A

involuntary muscle contractions
upper esophageal sphincter
lower esophageal sphincter

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21
Q

Mechanism of swallowing

A

teeth-mechanical digestion
tongue-maneuvers food
uvula and epiglottis-direct bolus
pharynx-oropharynx, larynpharynx
esophagus-UES, peristalsis, LES`

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22
Q

What is the structure the esophagus enters the abdomen through

A

esophageal hiatus

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23
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter

A

where the esophagus enters the stomach

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24
Q

Epigastric region

A

stomach

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25
Location of stomach
deep to border of ribs inferior to diaphragm stomach
26
Structure of stomach
J-shaped lesser curvature (right) greater curvature (left)
27
Functions of stomach
food storage mechanical and chemical breakdown chemical breakdown by gastric juice gastric juice-hydrochloric acid, lipase, pepsin chyme= gastric juice mixed with gastric content
28
Location of small intestine
coiled central/inferior abdomen inferior to stomach surrounded by large intestine begins with the pyloric sphincter ends into the large intestine
29
What is the purpose of microvilli?
prevents a "garden hose" like behaviour increases contact with the intestinal walls increases surface area allows for more absoprtion and digestion of food
30
Small intestine has 3 parts
duodenum jejunum ileum
31
Duodenum
recieves chyme from stomach recieves digestive secretions from pancreas recieves bile from liver "mixing bowl"
32
Jejunum
mostly in upper left abdomen function is most of the chemical digestion and nutrient absorption (largest pilcae circulares)
33
Ileum
Mostly in lower right abdomen enters large intestine through ileocecal valve functions to further digest food peyers patches prevents infection by regulating pathogens
34
Where is peyers patches
ileum
35
where is pilcae circulaires
jejunum
36
order of small intestine
duodenum, jejunem, ileum
37
large intestine
begins-ileocecal valve ends-anus inferior to stomach and liver surrounds small intestine shorter than small intestine
38
what is the function of the colon
water and electrolyte removal
39
rectum
recieves stool from colon holds in stool until excretion
40
Function of large intestine
absorption of water and electrolytes compaction defecation "garbage compacter"
41
Why do we have accessory organs?
secrete substances required for chemical digestion food does not actually pass through these organs
42
Name the regions
epigastric umbilical pubic left hypochondriac left lumbar left inguinal right hypochondriac right lumbar right inguinal
43
Pancreas
located at the left upper quadrant (hypochondriac and epigastric region) closely associated with spleen and stomach
44
Structure of the pancreas
accessory pancreatic duct pancreatic duct body tail uncinate process head
45
Inside the pancreas, what are important secretory structures
minor duodenal papilla hepatopancreatic ampulla major duodenal papilla
46
Blood supply to the pancreas
celiac trunk splenic artery superior mesenteric artery
47
Venous drainage of the pancreas
portal veins superior mesenteric vein splenic vein
48
Pancreas role in digestion
exo-pancreatic juice secretions into duodenum endo-hormone secretion pancreatic acini are 99% glandular epithelial cells 1% is pancreatic islets of Langerhans
49
Islets of Langerhan
insulin-beta glucagon-alpha somatosatin pancreatic polypeptide
50
Liver lobes
left lobe right lobe caudate lobe quadrate lobe
51
liver ligaments
coronary ligament falciform ligament ligamentum teres
52
porta hepatis
hepatic portal vein proper hepatic artery common hepatic duct
53
Liver blood supply and venous drainage
blood supply-portal vein and proper hepatic artery venous drainage-hepatic veins
54
Liver histology
hepatocytes portal triad-small bile duct, branch of portal vein, branch of hepatic artery
55
Hepatic blood flow
oxygenated blood from hepatic artery and nutrient rich deoxygenated blood from portal vein go into hepatic sinusoids to the central vein to the hepatic veins to the IVC
56
liver's role in digestion
metabolic regulations bile production detoxification storage
57
Where is the liver located
inferior surface of liver RUQ
58
Gallbladder function
stores and concentrates bile before release into duodenum
59
Gallbladder
cystic duct neck body fundus
60
Biliary tree
minor duodenal papilla major duodenal papilla
61
What does bile do?
emulsifies fat breaks down fat into smaller molecules that can be absorbed during digestion
62
Bile from liver to duodenum
hepatocytes produce bile bile canaiculi small bile ducts right hepatic duct and left hepatic duct bile duct hepatopancreatic ampulla duodenum
63
Peritoneum
double-layered serous membrane parietal peritoneum-lines walls of abdominopelvic cavity visceral peritoneum-lines organs in the abdominopelvic cavity
64
Organ classification
inter-peritoneal organs-completely covered by visceral peritoneum (mobile) retroperitoneal organs-covered anteriorly by parietal peritoneum (fixed)
65
Intraperitoneal organs
colon (transverse and sigmoid) spleen stomach jejunum ileum liver gallbladder
66
Retroperitoneal organs
duodenum pancreas colon (ascending and descending) rectum and anal canal kidneys and adrenal glands ureters
67
Peritoneal Folds
greater omentum-attaches stomach to SI and transverse colon lesser omentum-attaches stomach and duodenum to the liver falciform ligament-attaches liver to anterior abdomial wall and diaphragm mesentery-anchors jejunum and ileum to posterior abdominal wall mesocolon-anchors transverse and sigmoid colon to posterior abdominal wall

Anatomy (9 decks)

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