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Anatomy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Oral cavity features

A

superior lip
superior labial frenulum
gingivae
fauces
soft palate
uvula
lingual frenulum
gingivae
inferior labial frenulum
inferior lip

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2
Q

Oral vestibule

A

space between teeth/gums and lips/cheecks

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3
Q

Oral cavity proper

A

“mouth”
space between teeth/gums and fauces

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4
Q

Borders

A

anterior-lips, teeth, oral vestibule

lateral (walls)
cheeks

posterior
fauces

superior (roof)
hard palate and soft palate

inferior (floor)
tongue

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5
Q

What is the function of the mouth

A

secretion-lubrication
Protection-senses and analyzes foods
digestion-mechanical and chemical breakdown

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6
Q

Teeth

A

function for mastication (chewing)
located on the alveolar processes on maxilla (upper jaw)
alveolar processes on mandible (lower jaw)

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7
Q

Types of teeth

A

incisors “bite”
canines “cut/tear”
premolars “crush/grind”
Molars “crush and grind”

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8
Q

deciduous teeth

A

deciduous teeth=20
5 in each quadrant (2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 molars)

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9
Q

permanent teeth

A

=32
8 in each quadrant
incisors (2)
canines (1)
premolars (2)
molars (3)

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10
Q

Tongue

A

epiglottis
lingual tonsils-posterior 1/3, immobile and rough
papillae-anerior 2/3, mobile portion

Functions to taste, mechanical breakdown and speech

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11
Q

Salivary glands

A

secrete saliva into the oral cavity
reduces friction
chemical digestion

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12
Q

What are the 3 salivary glands

A

parotid gland
sublingual gland
submandibular gland

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13
Q

Parotid gland

A

largest
secretes salivary amylase
serous secretions

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14
Q

sublingual gland

A

muccous secretions

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15
Q

salivary glands

A

seromucous secretions

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16
Q

Bolus

A

soft, flexible mass of food that cant be swallowed

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17
Q

Pharynx

A

“throat”
funnel-shaped tube
inferior borders
foodway
oro-pharynx, laryngopharynx

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18
Q

Esophagus

A

long, collapsible muscular tube
secretes muccous
lubricates lumen
transports food to stomach
NO ABSORPTION
NO DIGESTIVE ENZYMES

pathway is
larynopharynx
inferior neck
mediastinum
esophageal hiatus
stomach

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19
Q

Where is the esophagus situated

A

anterior to vertebral column
posterior to trachea

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20
Q

What is peristalsis

A

involuntary muscle contractions
upper esophageal sphincter
lower esophageal sphincter

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21
Q

Mechanism of swallowing

A

teeth-mechanical digestion
tongue-maneuvers food
uvula and epiglottis-direct bolus
pharynx-oropharynx, larynpharynx
esophagus-UES, peristalsis, LES`

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22
Q

What is the structure the esophagus enters the abdomen through

A

esophageal hiatus

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23
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter

A

where the esophagus enters the stomach

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24
Q

Epigastric region

A

stomach

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25
Q

Location of stomach

A

deep to border of ribs
inferior to diaphragm
stomach

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26
Q

Structure of stomach

A

J-shaped
lesser curvature (right)
greater curvature (left)

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27
Q

Functions of stomach

A

food storage
mechanical and chemical breakdown
chemical breakdown by gastric juice

gastric juice-hydrochloric acid, lipase, pepsin
chyme= gastric juice mixed with gastric content

28
Q

Location of small intestine

A

coiled
central/inferior abdomen
inferior to stomach
surrounded by large intestine

begins with the pyloric sphincter
ends into the large intestine

29
Q

What is the purpose of microvilli?

A

prevents a “garden hose” like behaviour
increases contact with the intestinal walls
increases surface area
allows for more absoprtion and digestion of food

30
Q

Small intestine has 3 parts

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

31
Q

Duodenum

A

recieves chyme from stomach
recieves digestive secretions from pancreas
recieves bile from liver
“mixing bowl”

32
Q

Jejunum

A

mostly in upper left abdomen
function is most of the chemical digestion and nutrient absorption (largest pilcae circulares)

33
Q

Ileum

A

Mostly in lower right abdomen
enters large intestine through ileocecal valve
functions to further digest food
peyers patches
prevents infection by regulating pathogens

34
Q

Where is peyers patches

A

ileum

35
Q

where is pilcae circulaires

A

jejunum

36
Q

order of small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunem, ileum

37
Q

large intestine

A

begins-ileocecal valve
ends-anus

inferior to stomach and liver
surrounds small intestine

shorter than small intestine

38
Q

what is the function of the colon

A

water and electrolyte removal

39
Q

rectum

A

recieves stool from colon
holds in stool until excretion

40
Q

Function of large intestine

A

absorption of water and electrolytes
compaction
defecation
“garbage compacter”

41
Q

Why do we have accessory organs?

A

secrete substances required for chemical digestion
food does not actually pass through these organs

42
Q

Name the regions

A

epigastric
umbilical
pubic
left hypochondriac
left lumbar
left inguinal
right hypochondriac
right lumbar
right inguinal

43
Q

Pancreas

A

located at the left upper quadrant (hypochondriac and epigastric region)
closely associated with spleen and stomach

44
Q

Structure of the pancreas

A

accessory pancreatic duct
pancreatic duct
body
tail
uncinate process
head

45
Q

Inside the pancreas, what are important secretory structures

A

minor duodenal papilla
hepatopancreatic ampulla
major duodenal papilla

46
Q

Blood supply to the pancreas

A

celiac trunk
splenic artery
superior mesenteric artery

47
Q

Venous drainage of the pancreas

A

portal veins
superior mesenteric vein
splenic vein

48
Q

Pancreas role in digestion

A

exo-pancreatic juice secretions into duodenum
endo-hormone secretion
pancreatic acini are 99% glandular epithelial cells
1% is pancreatic islets of Langerhans

49
Q

Islets of Langerhan

A

insulin-beta
glucagon-alpha
somatosatin
pancreatic polypeptide

50
Q

Liver lobes

A

left lobe
right lobe
caudate lobe
quadrate lobe

51
Q

liver ligaments

A

coronary ligament
falciform ligament
ligamentum teres

52
Q

porta hepatis

A

hepatic portal vein
proper hepatic artery
common hepatic duct

53
Q

Liver blood supply and venous drainage

A

blood supply-portal vein and proper hepatic artery
venous drainage-hepatic veins

54
Q

Liver histology

A

hepatocytes
portal triad-small bile duct, branch of portal vein, branch of hepatic artery

55
Q

Hepatic blood flow

A

oxygenated blood from hepatic artery and nutrient rich deoxygenated blood from portal vein go into hepatic sinusoids to the central vein to the hepatic veins to the IVC

56
Q

liver’s role in digestion

A

metabolic regulations
bile production
detoxification
storage

57
Q

Where is the liver located

A

inferior surface of liver
RUQ

58
Q

Gallbladder function

A

stores and concentrates bile before release into duodenum

59
Q

Gallbladder

A

cystic duct
neck
body
fundus

60
Q

Biliary tree

A

minor duodenal papilla
major duodenal papilla

61
Q

What does bile do?

A

emulsifies fat
breaks down fat into smaller molecules that can be absorbed during digestion

62
Q

Bile from liver to duodenum

A

hepatocytes produce bile
bile canaiculi
small bile ducts
right hepatic duct and left hepatic duct
bile duct
hepatopancreatic ampulla
duodenum

63
Q

Peritoneum

A

double-layered serous membrane
parietal peritoneum-lines walls of abdominopelvic cavity
visceral peritoneum-lines organs in the abdominopelvic cavity

64
Q

Organ classification

A

inter-peritoneal organs-completely covered by visceral peritoneum (mobile)
retroperitoneal organs-covered anteriorly by parietal peritoneum (fixed)

65
Q

Intraperitoneal organs

A

colon (transverse and sigmoid)
spleen
stomach
jejunum
ileum
liver
gallbladder

66
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A

duodenum
pancreas
colon (ascending and descending)
rectum and anal canal
kidneys and adrenal glands
ureters

67
Q

Peritoneal Folds

A

greater omentum-attaches stomach to SI and transverse colon
lesser omentum-attaches stomach and duodenum to the liver
falciform ligament-attaches liver to anterior abdomial wall and diaphragm
mesentery-anchors jejunum and ileum to posterior abdominal wall
mesocolon-anchors transverse and sigmoid colon to posterior abdominal wall

Anatomy (9 decks)

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