Circulatory system Flashcards
What is the heart?
the integral organ which continuously supplies blood to all the tissues in the body
hollow and cone-shaped
Base and apex of heart?
Apex is kind of at the bottom
Layers of the heart
pericardium
heart wall
Pericardium
sac that surounds and protects the heart
fibrous vs serous pericardium
fibrous=superficial (tough, inelastic dense irregular connective tissue(prevents overstretching, provides protection and anchors heart
serous=deep, delicate
parietal(outer) and visceral layer(inner)
pericardial cavity between layers
Heart wall layers
epicardium-outermost
myocardium-middle(cardiac muscle)
endocardium-innermost
Heart chambers
right atrum
to right ventricle
to left atrium
to left ventricle
Key parts of the right atrium
key vessels-
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus
key structures-
fossa ovale
pectinate muscles
key valves-
tricuspid
Right ventricle key parts
vessels-
pulmonary trunk
pulmonary arteries
key structures-
chordae tendineae
papillary muscles
trabeculae carneae
key valves-
tricupsid
pulmonary
Left atrium key parts
pulmonary veins
bicuspid valve
left ventricle
key vessels-
aorta
coronary arteries
key structures-
chordae tendineae
papillary muscles
trabeculae carnea
key valves-bicupsid and aortic
Semilunar vs atrioventricular valves
pulmory-semilunar
bicuspid-left atrioventricular valve
aortic valve (semilunar)
tricupsid (atrioventricular)
Heartbeat
S1-AV valves close and atria contracts
S2-semilunar valves close and ventricles contract
Pulmonary circulation
oxygenation of blood by the lungs
systemic circulation
blood to/from the body
Blood flow
SVC/IVC to right atrium to right ventricle to pulmonary trunk to pulmonary arteries to lungs to pulmonary veins to left atrium to left ventricle to aorta to body tissues then back to SVC/IVC
Coronary circulation
blood to and from the heart muscles/layers
Coronary circulation blood supply vs venous drainage
blood supply
right coronary artery and left coronary artery
venous drainage is coronary sinus
Basic structure of circulatory vessels
three layers
tunica intima
tunica media
tinica externa
the thickness of each layer varies between blood vessels, giving each different properties
Tunica intima
innermot layer of vessels
endothelia reduces friction
basement membrane provides support
internal elastic membrane
Tunica media
middle layer of vessels-controls lumen diameter
smooth muscle
external elastic lamina
Tunica externa
external layer of vessels
connective tissue cover-anchors vessel to surrounding tissue
contains nerves and small vessels
Arteries
large vessels carrying oxygenated blood
pressure is regulated by pumping of heart
elastic and musclar
Elastic artery
conducting arteries
help propel blood while ventricles relax
muscular artery
distributing arteries
maintains blood pressure and efficient blood flow
Arterioles
thick walls relative to vessel diameter
smaller arteries that bring oxygenated blood to the capillary networks of tissues
resistance vessels
functions to deliver blood to capillaries and regulate flow into capillaries
Capillaries
branched network of vessels that make contact with individual cells in tissues (exchange vessels)
they function to exchange nurtients and waste
Venules
thin walls that do not maintain shape
highly expandable
converge to form veins
they function to drain capillary blood to begin the return of blood flow
Veins
thin walls relative to diameter
they do not maintain shape
contains valves to aid venous return by preventing backflow
return blood to heart
Aorta parts
left common carotid artery (middle)
left subclavian artery (left)
brachioencephalic artery (right)
Arterial supply to the neck
left and right common carotid
left and right subclavian artery
brachiocephalic artery and aortic arch
left and right external carotids
vertebral artery
Venous return of the neck
anterior jugular vein
external and interior jugular vein
subclavian vein
brachiocephallic vein
Thorax arterial supply
aortic arch
ascending aorta
descending aorta
left and right common carotid
brachioencephalic artery
Thorax venous return
brachiocephalic vein
internal and external jugular vein
subclavian vein
superior vena cava
Upper limb arterial supply
brachial artery
axillary artery
subclavian artery
brachial artery
radial artery
ulnar artery
Upper limb-venous drainage
radial vein
brachial vein
ulnar vein
axillary vein
subclavian vein
brachioencephalic vein
superior vena cava
Abdomen arterial supply
superior mesentric artery
abdomincal aorta
inferior mesntric artery
common iliac artery
celiac trunk
renal artery
Abdomen venous drainage
hepatic vein
inferior vena cava
renal vein
Lower limb arterial supply
common iliac artery
internal iliac artery
external iliac artery
femoral artery
popiteal artery
fibular artery
posterior tibial artery
plantar arteries
anterior tibial artery
dorsal arteries
Lower limb venous drainage
plantar veins
posterior tibial vein
popiteal vein
anterior tibial vein
fibular vein
IVC
comon iliac vein
external iliac vin
femoral vein
