Circulatory system

Question 1

What is the heart?

Answer 1

the integral organ which continuously supplies blood to all the tissues in the body
hollow and cone-shaped

Question 2

Base and apex of heart?

Answer 2

Apex is kind of at the bottom

Question 3

Layers of the heart

Answer 3

pericardium
heart wall

Question 4

Pericardium

Answer 4

sac that surounds and protects the heart

Question 5

fibrous vs serous pericardium

Answer 5

fibrous=superficial (tough, inelastic dense irregular connective tissue(prevents overstretching, provides protection and anchors heart

serous=deep, delicate
parietal(outer) and visceral layer(inner)
pericardial cavity between layers

Question 6

Heart wall layers

Answer 6

epicardium-outermost
myocardium-middle(cardiac muscle)
endocardium-innermost

Question 7

Heart chambers

Answer 7

right atrum
to right ventricle
to left atrium
to left ventricle

Question 8

Key parts of the right atrium

Answer 8

key vessels-
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus

key structures-
fossa ovale
pectinate muscles

key valves-
tricuspid

Question 9

Right ventricle key parts

Answer 9

vessels-
pulmonary trunk
pulmonary arteries

key structures-
chordae tendineae
papillary muscles
trabeculae carneae

key valves-
tricupsid
pulmonary

Question 10

Left atrium key parts

Answer 10

pulmonary veins

bicuspid valve

Question 11

left ventricle

Answer 11

key vessels-
aorta
coronary arteries

key structures-
chordae tendineae
papillary muscles
trabeculae carnea

key valves-bicupsid and aortic

Question 12

Semilunar vs atrioventricular valves

Answer 12

pulmory-semilunar
bicuspid-left atrioventricular valve
aortic valve (semilunar)
tricupsid (atrioventricular)

Question 13

Heartbeat

Answer 13

S1-AV valves close and atria contracts
S2-semilunar valves close and ventricles contract

Question 14

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 14

oxygenation of blood by the lungs

Question 15

systemic circulation

Answer 15

blood to/from the body

Question 16

Blood flow

Answer 16

SVC/IVC to right atrium to right ventricle to pulmonary trunk to pulmonary arteries to lungs to pulmonary veins to left atrium to left ventricle to aorta to body tissues then back to SVC/IVC

Question 17

Coronary circulation

Answer 17

blood to and from the heart muscles/layers

Question 18

Coronary circulation blood supply vs venous drainage

Answer 18

blood supply
right coronary artery and left coronary artery

venous drainage is coronary sinus

Question 19

Basic structure of circulatory vessels

Answer 19

three layers
tunica intima
tunica media
tinica externa
the thickness of each layer varies between blood vessels, giving each different properties

Question 20

Tunica intima

Answer 20

innermot layer of vessels
endothelia reduces friction
basement membrane provides support
internal elastic membrane

Question 21

Tunica media

Answer 21

middle layer of vessels-controls lumen diameter
smooth muscle
external elastic lamina

Question 22

Tunica externa

Answer 22

external layer of vessels
connective tissue cover-anchors vessel to surrounding tissue
contains nerves and small vessels

Question 23

Arteries

Answer 23

large vessels carrying oxygenated blood
pressure is regulated by pumping of heart
elastic and musclar

Question 24

Elastic artery

Answer 24

conducting arteries
help propel blood while ventricles relax

Question 25

muscular artery

Answer 25

distributing arteries
maintains blood pressure and efficient blood flow

Question 26

Arterioles

Answer 26

thick walls relative to vessel diameter
smaller arteries that bring oxygenated blood to the capillary networks of tissues
resistance vessels
functions to deliver blood to capillaries and regulate flow into capillaries

Question 27

Capillaries

Answer 27

branched network of vessels that make contact with individual cells in tissues (exchange vessels)
they function to exchange nurtients and waste

Question 28

Venules

Answer 28

thin walls that do not maintain shape
highly expandable
converge to form veins
they function to drain capillary blood to begin the return of blood flow

Question 29

Veins

Answer 29

thin walls relative to diameter
they do not maintain shape
contains valves to aid venous return by preventing backflow
return blood to heart

Question 30

Aorta parts

Answer 30

left common carotid artery (middle)
left subclavian artery (left)
brachioencephalic artery (right)

Question 31

Arterial supply to the neck

Answer 31

left and right common carotid
left and right subclavian artery
brachiocephalic artery and aortic arch
left and right external carotids
vertebral artery

Question 32

Venous return of the neck

Answer 32

anterior jugular vein
external and interior jugular vein
subclavian vein
brachiocephallic vein

Question 33

Thorax arterial supply

Answer 33

aortic arch
ascending aorta
descending aorta
left and right common carotid
brachioencephalic artery

Question 34

Thorax venous return

Answer 34

brachiocephalic vein
internal and external jugular vein
subclavian vein
superior vena cava

Question 35

Upper limb arterial supply

Answer 35

brachial artery
axillary artery
subclavian artery

brachial artery
radial artery
ulnar artery

Question 36

Upper limb-venous drainage

Answer 36

radial vein
brachial vein
ulnar vein

axillary vein
subclavian vein
brachioencephalic vein
superior vena cava

Question 37

Abdomen arterial supply

Answer 37

superior mesentric artery
abdomincal aorta
inferior mesntric artery
common iliac artery
celiac trunk
renal artery

Question 38

Abdomen venous drainage

Answer 38

hepatic vein
inferior vena cava
renal vein

Question 39

Lower limb arterial supply

Answer 39

common iliac artery
internal iliac artery
external iliac artery
femoral artery
popiteal artery
fibular artery
posterior tibial artery
plantar arteries
anterior tibial artery
dorsal arteries

Question 40

Lower limb venous drainage

Answer 40

plantar veins
posterior tibial vein
popiteal vein
anterior tibial vein
fibular vein
IVC
comon iliac vein
external iliac vin
femoral vein