Circulatory system

Question 1

What is the heart?

Answer 1

the integral organ which continuously supplies blood to all the tissues in the body
hollow and cone-shaped

Question 2

Base and apex of heart?

Answer 2

Apex is kind of at the bottom

Question 3

Layers of the heart

Answer 3

pericardium
heart wall

Question 4

Pericardium

Answer 4

sac that surounds and protects the heart

Question 5

fibrous vs serous pericardium

Answer 5

fibrous=superficial (tough, inelastic dense irregular connective tissue(prevents overstretching, provides protection and anchors heart

serous=deep, delicate
parietal(outer) and visceral layer(inner)
pericardial cavity between layers

Question 6

Heart wall layers

Answer 6

epicardium-outermost
myocardium-middle(cardiac muscle)
endocardium-innermost

Question 7

Heart chambers

Answer 7

right atrum
to right ventricle
to left atrium
to left ventricle

Question 8

Key parts of the right atrium

Answer 8

key vessels-
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus

key structures-
fossa ovale
pectinate muscles

key valves-
tricuspid

Question 9

Right ventricle key parts

Answer 9

vessels-
pulmonary trunk
pulmonary arteries

key structures-
chordae tendineae
papillary muscles
trabeculae carneae

key valves-
tricupsid
pulmonary

Question 10

Left atrium key parts

Answer 10

pulmonary veins

bicuspid valve

Question 11

left ventricle

Answer 11

key vessels-
aorta
coronary arteries

key structures-
chordae tendineae
papillary muscles
trabeculae carnea

key valves-bicupsid and aortic

Question 12

Semilunar vs atrioventricular valves

Answer 12

pulmory-semilunar
bicuspid-left atrioventricular valve
aortic valve (semilunar)
tricupsid (atrioventricular)

Question 13

Heartbeat

Answer 13

S1-AV valves close and atria contracts
S2-semilunar valves close and ventricles contract

Question 14

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 14

oxygenation of blood by the lungs

Question 15

systemic circulation

Answer 15

blood to/from the body

Question 16

Blood flow

Answer 16

SVC/IVC to right atrium to right ventricle to pulmonary trunk to pulmonary arteries to lungs to pulmonary veins to left atrium to left ventricle to aorta to body tissues then back to SVC/IVC

Question 17

Coronary circulation

Answer 17

blood to and from the heart muscles/layers

Question 18

Coronary circulation blood supply vs venous drainage

Answer 18

blood supply
right coronary artery and left coronary artery

venous drainage is coronary sinus

Question 19

Basic structure of circulatory vessels

Answer 19

three layers
tunica intima
tunica media
tinica externa
the thickness of each layer varies between blood vessels, giving each different properties

Question 20

Tunica intima

Answer 20

innermot layer of vessels
endothelia reduces friction
basement membrane provides support
internal elastic membrane

Question 21

Tunica media

Answer 21

middle layer of vessels-controls lumen diameter
smooth muscle
external elastic lamina

Question 22

Tunica externa

Answer 22

external layer of vessels
connective tissue cover-anchors vessel to surrounding tissue
contains nerves and small vessels

Question 23

Arteries

Answer 23

large vessels carrying oxygenated blood
pressure is regulated by pumping of heart
elastic and musclar

Question 24

Elastic artery

Answer 24

conducting arteries
help propel blood while ventricles relax

Question 25

muscular artery

Answer 25

distributing arteries maintains blood pressure and efficient blood flow

Question 26

Arterioles

Answer 26

thick walls relative to vessel diameter smaller arteries that bring oxygenated blood to the capillary networks of tissues resistance vessels functions to deliver blood to capillaries and regulate flow into capillaries

Question 27

Capillaries

Answer 27

branched network of vessels that make contact with individual cells in tissues (exchange vessels) they function to exchange nurtients and waste

Question 28

Venules

Answer 28

thin walls that do not maintain shape highly expandable converge to form veins they function to drain capillary blood to begin the return of blood flow

Question 29

Veins

Answer 29

thin walls relative to diameter they do not maintain shape contains valves to aid venous return by preventing backflow return blood to heart

Question 30

Aorta parts

Answer 30

left common carotid artery (middle) left subclavian artery (left) brachioencephalic artery (right)

Question 31

Arterial supply to the neck

Answer 31

left and right common carotid left and right subclavian artery brachiocephalic artery and aortic arch left and right external carotids vertebral artery

Question 32

Venous return of the neck

Answer 32

anterior jugular vein external and interior jugular vein subclavian vein brachiocephallic vein

Question 33

Thorax arterial supply

Answer 33

aortic arch ascending aorta descending aorta left and right common carotid brachioencephalic artery

Question 34

Thorax venous return

Answer 34

brachiocephalic vein internal and external jugular vein subclavian vein superior vena cava

Question 35

Upper limb arterial supply

Answer 35

brachial artery axillary artery subclavian artery brachial artery radial artery ulnar artery

Question 36

Upper limb-venous drainage

Answer 36

radial vein brachial vein ulnar vein axillary vein subclavian vein brachioencephalic vein superior vena cava

Question 37

Abdomen arterial supply

Answer 37

superior mesentric artery abdomincal aorta inferior mesntric artery common iliac artery celiac trunk renal artery

Question 38

Abdomen venous drainage

Answer 38

hepatic vein inferior vena cava renal vein

Question 39

Lower limb arterial supply

Answer 39

common iliac artery internal iliac artery external iliac artery femoral artery popiteal artery fibular artery posterior tibial artery plantar arteries anterior tibial artery dorsal arteries

Question 40

Lower limb venous drainage

Answer 40

plantar veins posterior tibial vein popiteal vein anterior tibial vein fibular vein IVC comon iliac vein external iliac vin femoral vein