Female Reproductive System

Question 1

Important structures

Answer 1

tuerus
ovaries
uterine tubes
vagina
vulva
perineum
breasts and mammary glands

Question 2

Ovaries

Answer 2

paired almond shaped and sized
lateral to the uterus
function to form gametes-oogenesis
ovulation is the release of the egg into the uterine tube
they also secrete hormones-estrogen and progesterone

Question 3

Ovarian ligaments

Answer 3

the ovaries are held in place by the ovaian ligament and broad ligament

Question 4

Uterine tubes

Answer 4

“fallopian tubes”
paired 10cm long tubes
attached to uterus medially
functions to transport the egg to the uterus

Question 5

Components of the uterine tube

Answer 5

medial to lateral
isthmus
ampulla
infundibulum
fimbriae(finger like projections)

Question 6

Uterus features

Answer 6

fundus-dome shape above the uterine tubes
body and cervix(bottom)

Question 7

Anatomical divisions of the uterus

Answer 7

uterine cavity
cervical canal (internal and external Os)

Question 8

Uterine wall

Answer 8

deep to superficial
endometrium
muometrium
perimetrium (simple squamous epithelium)

Question 9

Ligaments of the uterus

Answer 9

maintain the position of the uterus
broad ligament

Question 10

Ligaments of the uterus

Answer 10

maintain the position of the uterus
cardinal ligaments-cervical uterus to the pelvic wall
uterosacral ligaments-uterus to the sacrum
round ligaments-anterior uterus to the labia majora

Question 11

Uterus functions

Answer 11

pathway for sperm to uterine tubes
implantation
development of fetus
labour
source of menstrual flow

Question 12

Vagina

Answer 12

tubular, fibromuscular canal that is 10 cm long
exterior to uterus

Question 13

Vaginal fornices

Answer 13

located around the cervix
anterior and posterior and lateral

Question 14

Vagina function

Answer 14

sexual intercourse
outlet for menstrual flow
passage for childbirth

Question 15

Vulva

Answer 15

external genital organs
mons pubis
labia majora
labia minora
clitoris
vestibule
external urethral orifice
vaginal orifice

Question 16

Mons pubis

Answer 16

elevation of adipose tissue
covered by skin and pubic hair

Question 17

labia majora and minora

Answer 17

majora-two longitudinal folds of skin
minora-two smaller folds of skin medial to majora

Question 18

Clitoris

Answer 18

mass of erectile tissue
external-glans clitoris
internal-body of clitoris

Question 19

vestibule

Answer 19

bordered by the labia minora
contains the vaginal and external urethral orifices

Question 20

Perineum

Answer 20

diamond shaped
contains te anus and urogenital structures

Question 21

Perineum borders

Answer 21

anterior urogenital triangle
posterior anal triangle

Question 22

Breast

Answer 22

hemispheric projection
variable in size
anterior to pec major
features are the nipple and areola

Question 23

Mammary gland

Answer 23

located in each breast
15-20 lobes seperated by adipose tissue
lobes consist of glandular alveoli and smaller lobes
the function is the produce and secrete milk
non-functional in males

Question 24

Flow of milk

Answer 24

associated with pregnancy and childbirth
simulated by prolactin
alveolar glands to mammar duct to lactiferous duct to nipple

Question 25

Hypothalamic-pituitary ovarian axis

Answer 25

triggers the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary
both act on the ovaries to stimulate follicular growth

Question 26

GnRH makes what happen

Answer 26

makes FSh and Lh release
high LH triggers egg release (rupture of follicle) also important for maintenance of corpus luteum
FSH triggers the growth and development of follicles

Question 27

Why is estrogen important

Answer 27

prepares the uterus
progesterone levels go up after ovulation (helps with maturation of endometrium, so that is it ready for an implanting embryo)

Question 28

Progesterone and estrogen inhibit what

Answer 28

inhibit LH and FSH
negative feedback loop (only one follicle produced at a time)

Question 29

Drop in progesterone signals what

Answer 29

ovulation

Question 30

What is the post ovulatory phase

Answer 30

when implantation happens

Question 31

What does the corpus luteum do

Answer 31

produces progesterone and estrogen, if it degenerates because there is no LH or no implantation, then there is a negative signal for progesterone levels to drop, which causes those spiral blood vessels to undergo constriction (tissue dies)

Question 32

What happens to the oocyte

Answer 32

it is released into the fallopian tube
new zygote is formed
embryo implants in the body of the uterus
this makes HSG
which reveals pregnancy