respiratory system Flashcards
what is the function of the respiratory system
oxygen is brought in and carbon dioxide is removed from each cell
what are the 4 stages in the respiratory system
- breathing
- external respiration
- internal respiration
- cellular respiration
what is external respiration
exchange between lungs and blood
what is internal respiration
exchange between blood and cells
what are the 2 requirements for respiratory surfaces
- must be large enough to exchange gas fast enough
- must be moist so that gases can dissolve
what are 3 types of respiratory systems
- skin
- gills
- tracheal system
what are some characteristics of a skin type respiratory system
- outer skin is used
- must live in moist environments
what are some characteristics of gill type respiratory systems
- folds on the body surface
- live in water
what are some characteristics of tracheal type respiratory systems
- internal system of branching tubes
- large animals typically have this type for better gas exchange
- lungs are moist
what does the upper respiratory tract consist of
- nose
- naval cavity
- soft palate
- pharynx
- epiglottis
- larynx
- trachea
what does the lower respiratory tract consist of
- bronchi (trachea that branches into two tubes, sin. bronchus)
- plural membrane (covers the lungs)
- bronchioles (microscopic branching off from each bronchus)
- alveoli (clusters at the end of bronchiole, sin. alveolus)
how many lobes does the left lung have
2
how many lobes does the right lung have
3
how many alveoli are in each lung
500 million
what surrounds each alveoli
capillaries
what does gas exchange occur by
diffusion
what is/does hemoglobin do
- carries 99% of O
- hemoglobin is a protein n red blood cells
how much CO2 is carried by hemoglobin
23%, the rest is transported by blood fluids
what is tonsillitis
- bacterial infection of the tonsils
- symptoms include sore throat and fever
how is tonsillitis fixed
- medication
- tonsils being surgically removed
what/where are the tonsils
- in the pharynx (at the back of the throat
- their function id to keep bacteria and harmful substances out of the respiratory system
what is laryngitis
the inflammation of the larynx due to overstaining the voice, fixes itself with rest
what is pneumonia, how is it treated
- inflammation and fluid build up in the alveoli caused by bacteria
- treatments: antibiotics, antivirals and vaccines
what is bronchitis, how is it caused
- inflammation and fluid build up in the bronchi
- short term: bacteria
- long term: overexposure to chemicals and dust (like cigarettes)
