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Biology > evolution quiz 1-4 > Flashcards

evolution quiz 1-4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are some examples of environmental changes (5)

A
  • severe weather
  • famine
  • competition for food
  • space
  • mates
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2
Q

what happens when a species is not able to succeed in an environment

A

they become extinct

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3
Q

3 adaptions that animals may have

A
  • camouflage (physical adaption)
  • hibernation (physiological adaption)
  • owl talons (structural adaption)
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4
Q

what is mimicry

A

when harmless species resemble harmful species (like monarch and viceroy butterflies)

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5
Q

what is adaptation

A

when a species changes to fit the environment

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6
Q

what is an example of variation vs adaptation

A

English peppered moth, 1848 2% black, 1898 95% black

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7
Q

why do different individuals in a species look different

A

due to different genes

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8
Q

what is a mutation

A

permanent change in the genetic material of an organism, it is the only source of new genetic variation

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9
Q

does mutation ever stop

A

no, it is continuous and spontaneous

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10
Q

how are mutations passed on

A

passed on through gamete cells

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11
Q

what is a scientific theory

A

a well supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occured in the natural world

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12
Q

all biologists believe evolution is a thing, true or faltse

A

true

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13
Q

define evolution

A

the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

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14
Q

when did people believe the Earth was created

A

Sunday, October 23, 4004 BC

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15
Q

who created the taxonomy system

A

linnaeous

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16
Q

what are the 8 taxonomy groups

A

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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17
Q

what was lamarck’s theory

A

giraffes would stretch their necks to reach higher branches, untrue since that did not affect genetics of sperm or cell

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18
Q

what vehicle did darwin travel on, how long

A

HMS beagle, 5 years

19
Q

what was darwin’s theories

A

geography and the evolution of animals was related

20
Q

what is the uniformation theory

A

the earth’s surface is always changing

21
Q

what are fossils

A

preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms

22
Q

what are the most common fossils

A

hard body parts (bone)

23
Q

what are other examples of fossils

A

impressions of burrows, footprints, and chemical remains

24
Q

what was the archaeopteryx

A

the first bird, resembled dinosaurs more resulting in the theory that birds are dinosaurs

25
Q

what was the Acanthostega

A
  • the link between fish and amphibians
  • had gills and lungs
26
Q

what is necessary for fossilization

A

dead organism must be protected from animals, air and bacteria that may help in decay

27
Q

what are some forms of fossilization (4)

A
  • frozen
  • amber
  • sediment
  • tar
28
Q

what percent of the fossil record are living today

A

less than 1%

29
Q

how is the relative age of a fossil determined

A

by using a stratigraphy

30
Q

how is absolute age determined

A

carbon 14

31
Q

how do paleontologists determine the age of rock

A

potassium 40

32
Q

what is biogeography

A

how the environment of an organism changes its features, example Galapagos Finches

33
Q

what are homologous structures

A
  • structures that share a common origin but may serve different functions
  • forelimbs of these species take on different functions depending on niche
34
Q

animals with back bones are very similar as embryos, true or false

A

true

35
Q

what odd things are apart of the human embryo

A
  • tail
  • 2 chambered heart
36
Q

what do embryos of anteaters have that they loose

A

teeth

37
Q

what are vestigial structures, give examples

A

homologous structures that may not have a purpose (like the appendix or goosebumps)

38
Q

what are analogous structures

A

structures that are similar in function but not in origin, or anatomical structures
- wings of birds and bees
- flippers of penguins and dolphins

39
Q

what is artificial selection

A

humans choose which plants or animals will reproduce

40
Q

how does artificial selection help us understand natural selection

A

if humans could alter the species through artificial selection then the environment could have a similar effect

41
Q

what is natural selection

A

when nature chose individuals with particular desirable variations for reproduction

42
Q

who created the idea that animals and plants create more offspring that can survive (survival of the fittest)

A

Thomas Malthus

43
Q

what are the 6 points of darwin’s theory

A
  • individuals within species will vary
  • some variability is inherited
  • every generation produces more offspring than is likely to survive
  • population size is relatively stable
  • members of the same species compete for survival
  • individuals with more favorable features are more likely to pass them on (like being strong) (natural selection)

Biology (9 decks)

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