Respiratory System

Question 1

Function of larynx

Answer 1

Holds the vocal chords, used for breathing (trachea), talking and swallowing (oesophagus)

Question 2

Function of trachea

Answer 2

Windpipe - allows inhaled air to travel into the lungs. it connects the larynx with the bronchi. it is supported by rings of cartilage.

Question 3

Function of alveoli

Answer 3

Air sacs at the end of the bronchioles, where gaseous exchange takes place. oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide is released from the blood

Question 4

Function of diaphragm

Answer 4

Muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen, and allows the lungs to move.

Question 5

Function of the intercostal muscles

Answer 5

Muscles found between the ribs that work with the diaphragm to allow the rib cage to change in volume

Question 6

Function of the pleural membrane

Answer 6

2 layers that are thin and slippery and allow the lungs to move easily during ventilation

Question 7

Function of the bronchus

Answer 7

Main passageway to the lungs

Question 8

Function of the ribs

Answer 8

Moveable cage that encloses and protects the lungs

Question 9

Function of the lungs

Answer 9

Cone shaped organ that sit in the chest cavity, where ventilation occurs

Question 10

Function of the bronchiole

Answer 10

Transfers air from the bronchus to the alveoli. they have muscular walls.

Question 11

Function of the cilia

Answer 11

Tiny hairs that line the passages (trachea, bronchus, bronchioles). Mucus is produced to trap dirt, dust and pathogens. They then move the mucus towards the throat to be swallowed.

Question 12

Inhalation

Answer 12

Intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract. the diaphragm flattens and the ribcage and sternum move up and out. the volume of the thorax increases in size and the pressure decreases. air is forced into the lungs

Question 13

Exhalation

Answer 13

Intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax. the ribcage and sternum move down and in. the volume of the thorax decreases and the pressure increases, forcing air out.

Question 14

Function of goblet cells

Answer 14

Secrete and produce mucus

Question 15

Biological explanation for asthma

Answer 15

Inflammation of the bronchi, making them more sensitive.
Sometimes allergies can cause the muscles to constrict and there’s an increase in the sticky mucus (phlegm).

Question 16

Symptoms of asthma

Answer 16

Recurring episodes of wheezing, breathlesness, tightness of the chest
Asthma ‘attacks’, where epispdes of wheezing can only be relieved by reliever inhalers

Question 17

Possible causes of asthma

Answer 17

Exact cause not known
Risk factors:
-Hereditary
- Exposure to tobacco smoke as a child or in the womb
- Triggers
- Being born prematurely
- No resistence due to modern hygiene standards

Question 18

Monitoring of asthma

Answer 18

Peak flow test - can see how much you can breathe out
Spirometry - diagnosis test

Question 19

Treatment of asthma

Answer 19

No cure
Preventer inhalers to stop symptoms developing
Reliever inhalers to relieve symptoms when they occur
Injections to control symptoms
Surgery to open airways more

Question 20

Medication for asthma

Answer 20

Tablets to stop or control symptoms

Question 21

Gaseous exchange definition

Answer 21

The delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream, and the elimination of carbon dioxide. It occurs in the lungs between the alveoli and a network of capillaries.

Question 22

Brief explanation of gaseous exchange

Answer 22

There is a higher concentration of oxygen in inhaled air than there is in the blood. Oxygen diffuses into the blood and combines with the haemoglobin in the eurythrocytes, forming oxyhaemoglobin.

Question 23

Aerobic respiration explanation

Answer 23

Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)

Question 24

Anaerobic repiration explanation

Answer 24

Glucose = lactic acid (+ energy)

Question 25

Emphysema biological explanation

Answer 25

A condition within a group of respiratory illnesses called COPD. Chemicals in the air paralyse the cilia and eventually kills them, leading to a build up of mucus. Pathogens get trapped in the lungs, and increaed exposure weakens the lungs.

Question 26

Emphysema causes

Answer 26

Long-term smoking, air pollution, chemical fumes and dust

Question 27

Asthma lifestyle changes

Answer 27

Unable to participate in sporting activities

Question 28

Emphysema lifestyle changes

Answer 28

Increased breathlessness could affect intimacy
A stairlift may be needed to help a person get upstairs
Emotional and social issues of struggling to complete tasks
Oxygen cylinder to assist with breathing could lead to people feeling left out

Question 29

Monitoring, treatment and care needs of emphysema

Answer 29

No cure but treatment would slow symptoms
Avoid irritants
Lose weight and regular exercise
A chext x-ray or a CT scan

Question 30

Biological explanation of cystic fibrosis

Answer 30

Present from birth. Producing unusually thick and sticky mucus.

Question 31

Asthma symptoms

Answer 31

Increase in the production of mucus.
Wheezing, shortness of breath, tight chest and coughing

Question 32

Symptoms of cystic fibrosis

Answer 32

Digestive complications can lead to wind or constipation or diarrhea
Coughing and repeated chest infections

Question 33

Lifestyle changes of cystic fibrosis

Answer 33

Greater risk of developing depression
Can restrict socialising due to treatment regimes
Reduced life expectancy