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AnaPhy Lec (Midterms) > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

The respiratory system contributes to _________ by providing for the exchange of gases—oxygen and carbon dioxide—between the atmospheric air, blood, and tissue cells. It also helps adjust the pH of body fluids

A

Homeostasis

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2
Q

Your body’s cells continually use _______ for the metabolic reactions that generate ATP from the breakdown of nutrient molecules.

A

Oxygen (O2)

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3
Q

Includes the nose, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi, and lungs, which provides for gas exchange, the intake of O2, and the removal of CO2.

A

Respiratory System

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4
Q

The respiratory System helps regulate?

A

blood pH

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5
Q

what receptor for the sense of _____ contained in the respiratory system

A

Smell Receptors

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6
Q

The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ears, nose, and throat (ENT) are called

A

otorhinolaryngology

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7
Q

The entire process of gas exchange in the body

A

Respiration

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8
Q

Three steps of Respiration

A
  1. Pulmonary ventilation
  2. External respiration
    - lungs
    - pulmonary capillaries
    Internal respiration
  3. systemic capillaries
    - tissues
    - organs
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9
Q

consists of a series of interconnecting cavities and tubes both outside and within the lungs.

A

Conducting Zone

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10
Q

the air that we inhale from the atmosphere just passes through from the conducting portion; there is no exchange of gases

A

Conducting Zone

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11
Q

end of conducting zone

A

Terminal Bronchioles

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12
Q

Start of conducting zone

A

Nose

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13
Q

Function of the conducting zone?

A
  1. filter
  2. warm,
  3. moisten air and conduct it into the lungs
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14
Q

consists of tissues within the lungs where gas exchange occurs between air and blood.

A

respiratory zone

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15
Q

Beginning of the respiratory zone

A

respiratory bronchioles

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16
Q

End of the respiratory zone

A

Alveoli (line the wall of alveolar sacs) - From google
Alveoli - from book

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17
Q

What are the parts of the respiratory zone?

A
  1. respiratory bronchioles
  2. alveolar ducts
  3. alveolar sacs
  4. alveoli
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18
Q

What are the parts of the conducting zone?

A
  1. nose
  2. nasal cavity
  3. pharynx
  4. larynx
  5. trachea
  6. bronchi
  7. bronchioles
  8. terminal bronchioles
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19
Q

where does the olfactory located

A

Roof of the Nasal cavity

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20
Q

Parts of Upper Respiratory zone

A

The upper respiratory system includes the:
1. nose
2. nasal cavity
3. pharynx
4. associated structures

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21
Q

the only external part of the respiratory system

A

Nose

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22
Q

is a specialized organ at the entrance to the respiratory system and has a visible external portion and an internal portion.

A

Nose

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23
Q

The external portion of the nose is made of?.

A

cartilage, skin and is lined with mucous membranes

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24
Q

the nose is adapted for?

A

WARMING (due to blood vessels), moistening, and filtering air; olfaction; and serves as a resonating chamber.

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25
Q

How nose contributes to noise production

A

as a resonating chamber

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26
Q

the bleeding from always picking your nose is called?

A

Epistaxis

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27
Q

It is a funnel-shaped tube about 13 cm (5 in.) that starts at the internal nares and extends partway down the neck.

A

Pharynx (throat)

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28
Q

The pharynx functions as a _______ for air and food,

A

Passageway

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29
Q

What organ houses the tonsils

A

Pharynx (pharyngeal tonsils)

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30
Q

What are the divisions of pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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31
Q

The nasopharynx functions in?

A

Respiration

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32
Q

The oropharynx and laryngopharynx function both in?

A

Respiration and Digestion

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33
Q

The _____ prevents the food from going to the nasopharynx.

A

The uvula

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34
Q

short passageways that connect the (laryngo)pharynx and the trachea.

A

Larynx (voice box)

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35
Q

The larynx contains these singles:

A
  1. thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple)
  2. the epiglottis
  3. the cricoid cartilage
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36
Q

The larynx contains these pairs: :

A
  1. arytenoid cartilage
  2. False vocal cords
  3. True vocal cords.
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37
Q

What organ is the true vocal cords?

A

VOCAL FOLD

38
Q

What organ is the false vocal cord

A

Vestibular Fold

39
Q

controlled by the tension of the vocal folds

A

Pitch

40
Q

Lower sounds are produced by

A

decreased muscular tension

41
Q

What organ prevents the food from going to the trachea and diverts the food to go to the esophagus?

A

Epiglottis

42
Q

Badingbadingbading

A
  • asli
43
Q

tubular passageway for air that is about 12 cm (5 in.) long and 2.5 cm (1 in.) in diameter. It is located anterior to the esophagus

A

Trachea or Windpipe

44
Q

divides into a right main (primary) bronchus, which goes to the right lung, and a left main (primary) bronchus, which goes to the left lung.

A

Trachea

45
Q

What muscles are found in the trachea

A

Smooth muscle

46
Q

What is the type of respiratory epithelium found in the linings of the trachea as well as other respiratory tract, which allows filtering and humidification of incoming air?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

47
Q

the trachea divides into a right main (primary) bronchus, which goes into the right lung, and a left main (primary) bronchus, which goes into the left lung

A

Main Bronchi

48
Q

the main bronchi divide to form smaller bronchi

A

Lobar (secondary) Bronchi

49
Q

The lobar bronchi continue to branch, forming still smaller bronchi, called

A

Segmental Bronchi

50
Q

Branch into even smaller tubes called terminal bronchioles. Because all of the airways resemble an upside-down tree with many branches, their arrangement is known as the bronchial tree.

A

Bronchioles

51
Q

paired organs in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the pleural membrane.

A

Lungs

52
Q

The parietal pleura is the?

A

The outer layer

53
Q

The visceral pleura is the

A

The inner layer

54
Q

the pleural cavity, which contains a small amount of lubricating fluid secreted by the?

A

membrane

55
Q

reduces friction between the membranes, allowing them to slide easily over one another during breathing?

A

Pleural Fluid

56
Q

Pleural fluid also causes the two membranes to adhere to one another just as a film of water causes two glass microscope slides to stick together, a phenomenon called?

A

Surface tension

57
Q

How many lobes and fissures are there in the right lung

A

3 lobes and 2 Fissures

58
Q

How many lobes and fissures are there in the left lung

A

two lobes separated by one fissure

59
Q

Depression of the left lung

A

Cardiac Notch

60
Q

Exchange of gases (O2 , and CO2 ) in the lungs occurs across the ?

A

Respiratory Membrane

61
Q

The terminal bronchioles is the

A

Conduction Portion

62
Q

What is the difference between the right primary bronchus to the left primary bronchus

A

The left primary bronchus is shorter, has a wider lumen, and straighter. It is wide because it branches three secondary bronchi.

63
Q

is the main muscle for respiration and breathing

A

Diaphgram

64
Q

What is the type of muscle found in diaphgram

A

skeletal muscle tissue

65
Q

The flow of air between the atmosphere and the lungs, occurs due to differences in air pressure.

A

Pulmonary ventilation or breathing

66
Q

We inhale or breathe in when the pressure inside the lungs is less than the?

A

atmospheric air pressure

67
Q

We exhale or breathe out when the pressure inside the lungs is _____ than the atmospheric air pressure.

A

Greater

68
Q

what is the minute ventilation?

A

the total volume of air inhaled and exhaled each minute.

69
Q

What is the tool used for measuring lung volume

A

secret tangina mo, jk spirotmeter or respirometer

70
Q

which are combinations of different lung volumes

A

Lung capacities

71
Q

The record is called a_______. Inhalation is recorded as an upward deflection, and exhalation is recorded as a downward deflection

A

Spirogram

72
Q

Air is a mixture of what gases

A

nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and others

73
Q

The pressure of a specific gas in a mixture is called

A

Partial pressure

74
Q

in ________________ O2 and CO2 move from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure.

A

external and internal respiration

75
Q

(pulmonary gas exchange) is the exchange of gases between alveolar air and pulmonary blood capillaries.

A

External Respiration

76
Q

is the diffusion of O2 from air in the alveoli of the lungs to blood in pulmonary capillaries and the diffusion of CO2 in the opposite direction.

A

External Respiration

77
Q

in the lungs converts deoxygenated blood (depleted of some O2) coming from the right side of the heart into oxygenated blood (saturated with O2) that returns to the left side of the heart

A

External Respiration

78
Q

(systemic gas exchange) is the exchange of gases between systemic tissue capillaries and systemic tissue cells.

A

Internal Respiration

79
Q

The exchange of O2 and CO2 between systemic capillaries and tissue cells

A

Internal Respiration

80
Q

Function of blood in respiration

A

transport gases

81
Q

About what percent of blood O2 is bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells?

A

98.5% DO YOU BELIEVE IT? OMG ITS ALOT jk sleep well

82
Q

Carbon dioxide is transported in three ways:

A
  1. 7 percent is dissolved in plasma
  2. 23 percent combines with the globin of hemoglobin 3. 70 percent is converted to bicarbonate ions (HCO3 – )
83
Q

made up of two collections of neurons called the dorsal respiratory group (DRG), formerly called the inspiratory area, and the ventral respiratory group (VRG), formerly called the expiratory area.

A

Medullary Respiratory Center

84
Q

The inspiratory area sets the basic rhythm of respiration.

A

Pontine respiratory group (in pons)

85
Q

two division of The respiratory center:

A
  1. Medullary Respiratory Center
  2. Pontine Respiratory Group
86
Q

it may be modified by several factors: cortical influences; chemoreceptors; limbic system stimulation; proprioceptor stimulation; temperature; pain; irritation of airways; the inflation reflex (stretch receptors).

A

Respiration

87
Q

During ______, the respiratory and cardiovascular systems make adjustments in response to both the intensity and duration of the exercise.

A

Exercise

88
Q

Baby, baby, you’re my sun and moon

A

Girl, you’re everything between

89
Q

With advancing age, the airways and tissues of the respiratory tract, including the alveoli, becomes?

A

Less elastic and more rigid

90
Q

Elderly people are more susceptible to what disease in respiratory factors?

A
  1. pneumonia
  2. emphysema
  3. bronchitis
  4. other pulmonary disorders

AnaPhy Lec (Midterms) (7 decks)

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