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AnaPhy Lec (Midterms) > Lymphatic system and immunity pt 1 > Flashcards

Lymphatic system and immunity pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

body’s defense and protection or resistance is the ability to ward off damage or disease through our defenses. 

A

Immunity

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2
Q

microbes (bacteria and viruses) that have the potential to produce disease

A

Pathogens

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3
Q

Type of immunity that is nonspecific, present at birth 

A

Innate

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4
Q

 type of immunity that has a  specific response to a specific microbe, T cells, and B cells

A

Adaptive

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5
Q

the origin of all of your blood cells

A

Pluripotent stem cell

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6
Q

these cells are the most important because they are present in innate immunity

A

Myeloid stem cell

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7
Q

except for natural killer cells, these are specific for your adaptive immunity

A

Lymphoid stem cells

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8
Q

first to try to phagocytose

A

Neutrophil

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9
Q

plasma cell

A

B lymphocyte

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10
Q

macrophage

A

Monocyte

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11
Q

histamine

A

Mast cell

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12
Q

Assists in circulating body fluids and helps defend the body against disease-causing agents.

A

Lymphatic system

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13
Q

produced by the filtration of interstitial fluid into lymphatic capillaries

A

Lymph

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14
Q

vessels that transport the lymph

A

Lymphatic vessels

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15
Q

containing lymphatic tissue (lymphocytes within a filtering tissue)

A

Lymphatic organs

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16
Q

create lymphocytes in femur

A

Red Bone Marrow

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17
Q

a specialized form of reticular connective tissue that contains large numbers of lymphocytes

A

Lymphatic Tissues

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18
Q

agranular white blood cells

A

Lymphocytes

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19
Q

two types of lymphocytes participate in adaptive immune responses.

A

B cells and T cells

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20
Q

3 primary functions of  lymph

A

Drains excess interstitial fluid, Transports dietary lipids & Carries out immune response

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21
Q

excessive fluid

A

Edema

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22
Q

it drain excess interstitial fluid from tissue spaces and return it to the blood

A

Lymphatic vessels

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23
Q

its unique one-way structure permits interstitial fluid to flow into them but not out

A

Lymphatic capillaries

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24
Q

carry dietary lipids into lymphatic vessels and ultimately into the blood

A

Lymphatic capillaries

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25
Q

The presence of these lipids causes the lymph draining from the small intestine to appear creamy white

A

Chyle

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26
Q

found throughout the body except in avascular tissues, the central nervous system, portions of the spleen, and bone marrow.

A

Lymphatic capillaries

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27
Q

important function is to return the lost plasma proteins and plasma to the bloodstream; contain lymph nodes; drains into the right lymphatic duct or thoracic duct

A

Lymphatic vessels

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28
Q

filters lymph; contains T and B cells

A

Lymph nodes

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29
Q

drain lymph from the lower limbs, the wall and viscera of the pelvis, the kidneys, the adrenal glands, and the abdominal wall

A

Lumbar trunks

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30
Q

drains lymph from the stomach, intestines, pancreas, spleen, and part of the liver

A

Intestinal trunk

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31
Q

drain lymph from the thoracic wall, lung, and heart

A

bronchomediastinal trunks

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32
Q

drain the upper limbs

A

Subclavian trunks

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33
Q

drain the head and neck;

A

Jugular trunks

34
Q

About 38 – 45 cm (15-18 in.) long and begins as a dilation called the cisterna chyli anterior to the second lumbar vertebra; main lymph collecting duct

A

Thoracic duct

35
Q

drains lymph from the upper right side of the body; about 1.2 cm (0.5 in.) long

A

Right lymphatic duct

36
Q

two “pumps” that aid the return of venous blood to the heart maintain the flow of lymph

A

Respiratory pump & skeletal muscle pump

37
Q

lymph flow is maintained by pressure changes that occur during inhalation

A

Respiratory Pump

38
Q

The “milking action” of skeletal muscle contractions compresses lymphatic vessels and forces lymph toward the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins 

A

Skeletal Muscle Pump

39
Q

sites wherein stem cells differentiate into T and B cells; stem cells divide and become immunocompetent, that is, capable of mounting an immune response

A

Primary lymphatic organs

40
Q

in flat bones and the epiphyses of long bones of adults 

A

Red bone marrow

41
Q

Primary lymphoid organ for maturation of T cells 

A

Thymus

42
Q

in red bone marrow give rise to mature, immunocompetent B cells and to pre-T cells 

A

Pluripotent stem cells

43
Q

in turn migrate to the thymus, where they become immunocompetent T cells. 

A

Pre-T cells

44
Q

migrate from red bone marrow to the cortex of the thymus, where they proliferate and begin to mature when you read your CBC, platelet count, etc.

A

Immature T cells (pre-T cells)

45
Q

which are derived from monocytes, assist the maturation process.

A

Dendritic cells

46
Q

help clear out the debris of dead and dying cells. The surviving T cells enter the medulla.

A

Thymic macrophages

47
Q

consists of widely scattered, more mature T cells, epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages

A

Medulla

48
Q

serve as sites of T cell death in the medulla

A

Thymic (Hassall’s) corpuscles

49
Q

sites where most immune responses occur

A

Secondary lymphatic organs

50
Q

600 bean-shaped nodes located along lymphatic vessels; Scattered throughout the body, both superficially and deep, and usually occur in groups 

A

Lymph nodes

51
Q

egg-shaped aggregates of B cells called lymphatic nodules.

A

Outer Cortex

52
Q

The capsular extensions

A

Trabeculae

53
Q

consisting chiefly of B cells is called a primary lymphatic nodule. Most lymphatic nodules in the outer cortex are secondary lymphatic nodule

A

Lymphatic Nodules

54
Q

does not contain lymphatic nodules.

A

Inner cortex

55
Q

Largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body; It is a soft , encapsulated organ of variable size, but on average it fits in a person’s open hand and measures about 12 cm (5 in.)

A

Spleen

56
Q

lymphatic tissue, consisting mostly of lymphocytes and macrophages; arranged around branches of the splenic artery called central arteries.

A

White pulp

57
Q

blood-filled venous sinuses and cords of splenic tissue consisting of red blood cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and granular leukocytes 

A

Red pulp

58
Q

Egg- shaped masses of lymphoid tissue; scattered throughout the lamina propria (connective tissue) of mucous membranes lining the gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive tracts, respiratory airways

A

Lymphatic nodules (tonsils)

59
Q

embedded in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx

A

Pharyngeal tonsil or adenoid

60
Q

lie at the posterior region of the oral cavity, one on either side; these are the tonsils commonly removed in a tonsillectomy. 

A

Two palatine tonsils

61
Q

located at the base of the tongue, may also require removal during a tonsillectomy

A

Paired lingual tonsils

62
Q

considered organs because each is surrounded by a connective tissue capsule; lymphatic nodules, in contrast, are not considered organs because they lack a capsule

A

The thymus, and spleen

63
Q

It includes the external physical and chemical barriers provided by the skin and mucous membranes. It also includes various internal defenses, such as antimicrobial substances, natural killer cells, phagocytes, inflammation, and fever.

A

Innate immunity

64
Q

provide both physical and chemical barriers that discourage pathogens and foreign substances from penetrating the body and causing disease.

A

Skin and mucous membranes

65
Q

epithelial layer of skin, physical barrier to the entrance of microbes; removes microbes via shedding 

A

Epidermis

66
Q

secretes mucus that lubricates and moistens the cavity surface. Since mucus is slightly viscous, it traps microbes and foreign substances

A

Mucous membranes

67
Q

manufactures and drains away tears in response to irritants. It produces tears, lysozyme (enzyme capable of breaking down the cell walls of certain bacteria – also present in saliva, perspiration, nasal secretions, and tissue fluids) 

A

Lacrimal apparatus

68
Q

oral cavity; produced by salivary glands, washes microbes from the surfaces of the teeth and form the mucous membrane of the mouth 

A

Saliva

69
Q

(cleansing of the urethra)

A

Flow of urine

70
Q

(move microbes out of the body in females – slightly acidic),

A

vaginal secretions

71
Q

sebum (unsaturated fatty acids in it inhibit the growth of certain pathogenic bacteria and fungi), perspiration (helps flush microbes from the surface of the skin), gastric juice (mixture of hydrochloric acid, enzymes and mucus; pH 1.2-3.0, strong acidity destroys many bacteria and most bacterial toxins) 

A

Chemical barrier

72
Q

When pathogens penetrate the physical and chemical barriers of the skin and mucous membranes

A

Second line of defense

73
Q

it diffuse to uninfected neighboring cells once released, where they induce synthesis of antiviral proteins that interfere with viral replication 

A

Interferons

74
Q

3 types of interferons

A

alpha-, beta-, and gamma-IFN

75
Q

group of normally inactive proteins in blood plasma and on plasma membranes make up this system; when activated, these proteins “complement” or enhance certain immune reactions

A

Complement system

76
Q

Inhibit the growth of certain bacteria by reducing the amount of available iron

A

Iron-binding proteins

77
Q

short peptides that have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; it attract dendritic cells and mast cells, which participate in immune responses

A

Antimicrobial proteins (AMPs)

78
Q

specialized cells that perform phagocytosis (the ingestion of microbes or other particles such as cellular debris) 

A

Phagocytes

79
Q

5-10% of lymphocytes in the blood; have the ability to kill a wide variety of microbes and certain tumor cells 

A

Natural killer cells

80
Q

Nonspecific defensive response of the body to tissue damage 

A

Inflammation

81
Q

collection of dead cells and fluids; Within a few days, a pocket of dead phagocytes and damaged tissue forms

A

Pus formation

82
Q

abnormally high body temperature that occurs because the hypothalamic thermostat is reset;

A

Fever

AnaPhy Lec (Midterms) (7 decks)

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