Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange, ventilation, protection of airways, production of sound, chemical analysis.
What happens when diaphragm goes down?
Inspiration (breathing in)
Respiratory mucosa
Epithelium that lines the airways ; doesn’t allow gas exchange
What type of tissue lines the major airways?
Psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with Goblet Cells
What is the function of goblet cells?
Sits on top of cilia, releases mucus
Mucociliary escalator
When air gets into the lungs and particles fall out of air and into mucus. The cilia moves the mucus up to the throat for coughing.
What is mucus made of?
Water and protein
What are the organs of the upper respiratory system?
Nose, mouth, larynx, and pharynx
What do sebaceous glands do?
Secrete sebum to create moisture in the nose to make particles stick
What is the roof of the nasal cavity?
Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
What are the nostrils called?
External nares
What catches the particles when breathing in?
Vebrissae and sweat
The nasal septum is composed of what structures?
-Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone (main bony septum)
-base of vomer bone (other boney part)
-septal nasal cartilage (main cartilage)
-vomeronasal cartilage (small regional cartilage)
What does the septum do?
Splits nasal cavity in half
What is a deviated septum?
Prevent the sinuses from draining properly and interfere with breathing
List the three nasal conchae.
Superior conchae, middle conchae, and inferior conchae
What are the spaces between the conchae called?
Meautus
What is the space below the superior conchae called?
The superior meatus
What is the space below the middle conchae called?
The middle meatus
What space is below the inferior conchae called?
The inferior meatus
Superior and middle conchae are part of what bone?
The ethmoid bone
What is the function of the conchae?
To slow and mix the air.
What starts the beginning of the throat?
Nasopahrynx
Nasal mucosa lines what?
The nasal cavity
Pharynx is lined with what?
Respiratory mucosa
What are the three parts of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, laryngopharynx
What are the functions of the pharynx?
Pathway for respiratory and digestive tract, phonation (makes sound; change shape of pharynx to make sound)
What does the larynx do?
Articulation (form words); “voice box”; has 9 cartilages
What does the epiglottis function?
Moves as a flap when swallowing to prevent food from going into airway.
What is your “Adam’s apple”?
Thyroid cartilage
What are the UNpaired cartilages?
Thyroid cartilage, epiglottis, and cricoid cartilage
What are the paired cartilages?
Arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage, cuneiform cartilage
What is the opening between vocal folds called?
Glottis
What are the muscles of the larynx?
Intrinsic muscles: origin &insertion in larynx , tightening vocal folds
Extrinsic muscles: origins outside of larynx on hyoid bone and insertion in larynx, elevate larynx when swallowing to cause epiglottis to cover larynx
What are the functions of your larynx?
Voice production, warming and humidifying incoming air, protect entrance to larynx
What is behind the trachea?
The esophagus. When swallowing, esophagus expands into trachea.
What is the trachea lined with?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Aspiration
When food enters airways
What is the Carina?
Bottom of trachea that branches into L and R bronchus
Trachealis muscle
Smooth muscle used to constrict the trachea
Function of trachea
To get air to and from the lungs
What is the difference between right and left bronchus?
Right bronchus is bigger and closer to vertical than left bc right lung is bigger than left. The heart is closer to left midline so that’s why the left lung is smaller.
What are bronchi lined with?
Respiratory mucosa
What do primary bronchi branch into?
Secondary bronchi
Primary bronchus is main airway of what?
A whole lung
Secondary bronchus is the main airway of what?
A whole lobe of a lung
How many secondary bronchi are in the RIGHT and LEFT lobe of a lung?
Right lobe has 3
Left lobe has 2
Secondary bronchi branch into what?
Tertiary bronchi
What are bronchi?
Distribute air to lung’s interior
Bronchioles control airway resistance with what?
Bronchoconstriction and broncodilation
Terminal bronchioles
The last level of bronchiole that isn’t involved in gas exchange
Respiratory bronchiole
(Last bronchiole)
Is after terminal bronchiole and first place in the lung for gas exchange
Wall is simple squamous w/no muscle
Alveolar duct
After respiratory bronchiole
A tube that gas exchange can occur
Alveoli
After the alveolar duct
Collection of air sacs
What can be involved in gas exchange?
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli
If there is a decrease in surface area for gas exchange, what happens to the oxygen in the blood?
It decreases the amount oxygen in the blood and how much CO2 gets out of it.
What is an alveolus made out of?
Type 1 alveolar cells (simple squamous epithelial cells) : gas exchange takes place
Type 2 alveolar cells (cuboidal cells ) : put surfactant on water layer
What is the function of alveoli?
Gas exchange
How many lobes does the right lung have?
Superior lobe, middle lobe, and inferior lobe.
How many lobes does the left lung have?
Two lobes. The superior lobe and inferior lobe
The oblique fissure separates what?
R LUNG: the middle and inferior lobe
L LUNG: the superior and inferior lobe
The horizontal fissure separates what?
Only in R LUNG. Separates the superior and middle lobe
Cardiac Notch is located where?
In the left lung, where the heart sits
The Root of the lung consists of what?
Pulmonary artery, 2 pulmonary veins, primary bronchus a lung
What sticks to the surface of the lung?
Visceral pleura
What space is in between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura?
Pleural space has pleural fluid
The lungs are surrounded by what?
The pleural cavity
What are the functions of the lungs?
Gas exchange
Air distribution
Glottis is what
The opening of the epiglottis
Lungs are in what cavity?
Thoracic cavity
Accessory structures are
The rib cage, oral cavity, and muscles associated with rib cage
Each nasal cavity is divided into passages called
Meatus
Describe the structure of the trachea
A tube lined with epithelium that has C-shaped cartilages. The opening of the C-shaped cartilages allows the esophagus to expand into the trachea when swallowing.
