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Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A

Gas exchange, ventilation, protection of airways, production of sound, chemical analysis.

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2
Q

What happens when diaphragm goes down?

A

Inspiration (breathing in)

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3
Q

Respiratory mucosa

A

Epithelium that lines the airways ; doesn’t allow gas exchange

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4
Q

What type of tissue lines the major airways?

A

Psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with Goblet Cells

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5
Q

What is the function of goblet cells?

A

Sits on top of cilia, releases mucus

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6
Q

Mucociliary escalator

A

When air gets into the lungs and particles fall out of air and into mucus. The cilia moves the mucus up to the throat for coughing.

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7
Q

What is mucus made of?

A

Water and protein

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8
Q

What are the organs of the upper respiratory system?

A

Nose, mouth, larynx, and pharynx

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9
Q

What do sebaceous glands do?

A

Secrete sebum to create moisture in the nose to make particles stick

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10
Q

What is the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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11
Q

What are the nostrils called?

A

External nares

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12
Q

What catches the particles when breathing in?

A

Vebrissae and sweat

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13
Q

The nasal septum is composed of what structures?

A

-Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone (main bony septum)
-base of vomer bone (other boney part)
-septal nasal cartilage (main cartilage)
-vomeronasal cartilage (small regional cartilage)

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14
Q

What does the septum do?

A

Splits nasal cavity in half

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15
Q

What is a deviated septum?

A

Prevent the sinuses from draining properly and interfere with breathing

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16
Q

List the three nasal conchae.

A

Superior conchae, middle conchae, and inferior conchae

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17
Q

What are the spaces between the conchae called?

A

Meautus

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18
Q

What is the space below the superior conchae called?

A

The superior meatus

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19
Q

What is the space below the middle conchae called?

A

The middle meatus

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20
Q

What space is below the inferior conchae called?

A

The inferior meatus

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21
Q

Superior and middle conchae are part of what bone?

A

The ethmoid bone

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22
Q

What is the function of the conchae?

A

To slow and mix the air.

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23
Q

What starts the beginning of the throat?

A

Nasopahrynx

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24
Q

Nasal mucosa lines what?

A

The nasal cavity

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25
Q

Pharynx is lined with what?

A

Respiratory mucosa

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26
Q

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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27
Q

What are the functions of the pharynx?

A

Pathway for respiratory and digestive tract, phonation (makes sound; change shape of pharynx to make sound)

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28
Q

What does the larynx do?

A

Articulation (form words); “voice box”; has 9 cartilages

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29
Q

What does the epiglottis function?

A

Moves as a flap when swallowing to prevent food from going into airway.

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30
Q

What is your “Adam’s apple”?

A

Thyroid cartilage

31
Q

What are the UNpaired cartilages?

A

Thyroid cartilage, epiglottis, and cricoid cartilage

32
Q

What are the paired cartilages?

A

Arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage, cuneiform cartilage

33
Q

What is the opening between vocal folds called?

A

Glottis

34
Q

What are the muscles of the larynx?

A

Intrinsic muscles: origin &insertion in larynx , tightening vocal folds

Extrinsic muscles: origins outside of larynx on hyoid bone and insertion in larynx, elevate larynx when swallowing to cause epiglottis to cover larynx

35
Q

What are the functions of your larynx?

A

Voice production, warming and humidifying incoming air, protect entrance to larynx

36
Q

What is behind the trachea?

A

The esophagus. When swallowing, esophagus expands into trachea.

37
Q

What is the trachea lined with?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

38
Q

Aspiration

A

When food enters airways

39
Q

What is the Carina?

A

Bottom of trachea that branches into L and R bronchus

40
Q

Trachealis muscle

A

Smooth muscle used to constrict the trachea

41
Q

Function of trachea

A

To get air to and from the lungs

42
Q

What is the difference between right and left bronchus?

A

Right bronchus is bigger and closer to vertical than left bc right lung is bigger than left. The heart is closer to left midline so that’s why the left lung is smaller.

43
Q

What are bronchi lined with?

A

Respiratory mucosa

44
Q

What do primary bronchi branch into?

A

Secondary bronchi

45
Q

Primary bronchus is main airway of what?

A

A whole lung

46
Q

Secondary bronchus is the main airway of what?

A

A whole lobe of a lung

47
Q

How many secondary bronchi are in the RIGHT and LEFT lobe of a lung?

A

Right lobe has 3

Left lobe has 2

48
Q

Secondary bronchi branch into what?

A

Tertiary bronchi

49
Q

What are bronchi?

A

Distribute air to lung’s interior

50
Q

Bronchioles control airway resistance with what?

A

Bronchoconstriction and broncodilation

51
Q

Terminal bronchioles

A

The last level of bronchiole that isn’t involved in gas exchange

52
Q

Respiratory bronchiole

A

(Last bronchiole)

Is after terminal bronchiole and first place in the lung for gas exchange

Wall is simple squamous w/no muscle

53
Q

Alveolar duct

A

After respiratory bronchiole

A tube that gas exchange can occur

54
Q

Alveoli

A

After the alveolar duct

Collection of air sacs

55
Q

What can be involved in gas exchange?

A

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

56
Q

If there is a decrease in surface area for gas exchange, what happens to the oxygen in the blood?

A

It decreases the amount oxygen in the blood and how much CO2 gets out of it.

57
Q

What is an alveolus made out of?

A

Type 1 alveolar cells (simple squamous epithelial cells) : gas exchange takes place

Type 2 alveolar cells (cuboidal cells ) : put surfactant on water layer

58
Q

What is the function of alveoli?

A

Gas exchange

59
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

Superior lobe, middle lobe, and inferior lobe.

60
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

Two lobes. The superior lobe and inferior lobe

61
Q

The oblique fissure separates what?

A

R LUNG: the middle and inferior lobe

L LUNG: the superior and inferior lobe

62
Q

The horizontal fissure separates what?

A

Only in R LUNG. Separates the superior and middle lobe

63
Q

Cardiac Notch is located where?

A

In the left lung, where the heart sits

64
Q

The Root of the lung consists of what?

A

Pulmonary artery, 2 pulmonary veins, primary bronchus a lung

65
Q

What sticks to the surface of the lung?

A

Visceral pleura

66
Q

What space is in between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura?

A

Pleural space has pleural fluid

67
Q

The lungs are surrounded by what?

A

The pleural cavity

68
Q

What are the functions of the lungs?

A

Gas exchange

Air distribution

69
Q

Glottis is what

A

The opening of the epiglottis

70
Q

Lungs are in what cavity?

A

Thoracic cavity

71
Q

Accessory structures are

A

The rib cage, oral cavity, and muscles associated with rib cage

72
Q

Each nasal cavity is divided into passages called

A

Meatus

73
Q

Describe the structure of the trachea

A

A tube lined with epithelium that has C-shaped cartilages. The opening of the C-shaped cartilages allows the esophagus to expand into the trachea when swallowing.

Anatomy & Physiology 2 (17 decks)

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