Respiratory System

Question 1

Primary Functions

Answer 1

To provide oxygen to body tissues for cellular respiration
Remove the waste product carbon dioxide
Help to maintain acid-base balance

Question 2

Secondary Functions

Answer 2

Sensing odors
Speech production
Straining (during childbirth or coughing)

Question 3

Conducting Zone

Answer 3

Moves air in/ out of lungs

Question 4

Respiratory Zone

Answer 4

Moves gases in/out of the blood

Question 5

Nose

Answer 5

The major entrance and exit for the respiratory system

Question 6

Pharynx

Answer 6

the part of the throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and superior to the esophagus and larynx.

Question 7

Larynx

Answer 7

is the cartilaginous structure that connects the pharynx to the trachea and helps regulate the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs. The larynx is also involved in sound production and protecting the trachea against food aspiration.

Question 8

Trachea

Answer 8

a tube that connects the pharynx or larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air.

Question 9

Alveolar duct

Answer 9

a tube composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue, which opens into a cluster of alveoli.

Question 10

Alveolus

Answer 10

one of the many small, grape-like sacs that are attached to the alveolar ducts.

Question 11

Alveolar sac

Answer 11

a cluster of many individual alveoli that are responsible for gas exchange.

Question 12

Boyle’s Law (Formula)

Answer 12

P1V1 = P2V2

Question 13

Boyle’s Law (text explanation)

Answer 13

pressure and volume are inversely related.

Question 14

Inspiration

Answer 14

breathing in

Question 15

Expiration

Answer 15

exhaling

Question 16

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 16

the control center that tells us to breathe.

Question 17

Eupnea

Answer 17

quiet breathing, also known as eupnea, is a mode of breathing that occurs at rest and does not require the cognitive thought of the individual. During quiet breathing, the diaphragm and external intercostals must contract.

Question 18

Diaphragmatic Breathing

Answer 18

requires the diaphragm to contract. As the diaphragm relaxes, air passively leaves the lungs. A shallow breath, called costal breathing, requires contraction of the intercostal muscles. As the intercostal muscles relax, air passively leaves the lungs.

Question 19

Hyperpnea

Answer 19

a mode of breathing that can occur during exercise or actions that require the active manipulation of breathing, such as singing. During forced breathing, inspiration and expiration both occur due to muscle contractions.

Question 20

Diaphragm

Answer 20

this is the main breathing muscle

Question 21

Atelectasis

Answer 21

the air sacs of the lungs are either partially or totally collapsed.

Question 22

Pneumonia

Answer 22

a lung infection that can be caused by either viruses, fungi, protists, or bacteria

Question 23

Asthma

Answer 23

the body reacts to an allergy by causing constriction of the airways of the lungs

Question 24

Emphysema

Answer 24

the alveolar air sacs are destroyed and the lung itself becomes “floppy”

Question 25

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 25

inflamed airways and large amounts of sputum are being produced.

Question 26

Pneumothorax

Answer 26

air inside the thoracic cavity and outside the lungs

Question 27

Tuberculosis

Answer 27

a bacterial infection that thrives in areas of the body that have high oxygen content