Integumentary System

Question 1

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 1

skin cancer that develops on the face or cheek area

Question 2

melanoma

Answer 2

skin cancer that develops from melanocytes that come from genetics or too much exposure from sun.

Question 3

eczema

Answer 3

skin gets itchy bumpy and red.

Question 4

stretch marks

Answer 4

develops when skin shrinks and grows quickly.

Question 5

Callas/ Corns

Answer 5

thick, hardened layers of skin that develop when your skin tries to protect itself from friction or pressure

Question 6

Integumentary System Main Organs

Answer 6

Hair, Skin, Nails

Question 7

Functions #1 (protection)

Answer 7

The skins protects the rest of the body from the basic elements of nature

Question 8

Function #2 - Sensory Function

Answer 8

The skin acts as a sense organ because the epidermis, dermis, and the hypodermis contain specialized sensory nerve structures that detect touch, surface temperature, and pain.

Question 9

Function #3 - Thermoregulation

Answer 9

The integumentary system helps regulate body temperature through its tight association with the sympathetic nervous system, the division of the nervous system involved in our fight-or-flight responses.

Question 10

Function #4 - Vitamin D Synthesis

Answer 10

The epidermal layer of human skin synthesizes vitamin D when exposed to UV radiation. In the presence of sunlight, a form of vitamin D3 called cholecalciferol is synthesized in the skin. Vitamin D is essential for normal absorption of calcium and phosphorous, which are required for healthy bones.

Question 11

Skin

Answer 11

The skin is made of multiple layers of cells and tissues, which are held to underlying structures by connective tissue. The deeper layer of skin is well vascularized (has numerous blood vessels). It also has numerous sensory, and autonomic and sympathetic nerve fibers ensuring communication to and from the brain.

Question 12

Keratinocyte

Answer 12

A keratinocyte is a cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin.

Question 13

Keratian

Answer 13

Keratin is an intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties.

Question 14

Stratum basale

Answer 14

Deepest epidermal layer (the base) and attaches the epidermis to the basal lamina, below which lie the layers of the dermis.

Question 15

Stratum spinosum

Answer 15

spiny in appearance due to the protruding cell processes that join the cells via a structure called a desmosome.

Question 16

Stratum granulosum

Answer 16

Has a grainy appearance due to further changes to the keratinocytes as they are pushed from the stratum spinosum. The cells (three to five layers deep) become flatter, their cell membranes thicken, and they generate large amounts of the proteins keratin and keratohyalin, which accumulates as lamellar granules within the cells.

Question 17

Stratum lucidum

Answer 17

A smooth, seemingly translucent layer of the epidermis located just above the stratum granulosum and below the stratum corneum.

Question 18

Stratum corneum

Answer 18

The most superficial layer of the epidermis and is the layer exposed to the outside environment. The increased keratinization (also called cornification) of the cells in this layer gives it its name. There are usually 15 to 30 layers of cells in the stratum corneum.

Question 19

5 layers (superficial to deep)

Answer 19

Stratum corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum Basale

Question 20

Thin skin

Answer 20

Stratum corneum, Stratum Granulosum,Stratum spinosum,Stratum Basale

Question 21

Thick Skin

Answer 21

All 5 layers of skin

Question 22

Hair

Answer 22

Hair is a keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis. It is primarily made of dead, keratinized cells. Strands of hair originate in an epidermal penetration of the dermis called the hair follicle.

Question 23

Hair Follicle

Answer 23

Strands of hair originate in an epidermal penetration of the dermis

Question 24

Hair shaft

Answer 24

The hair shaft is the part of the hair not anchored to the follicle, and much of this is exposed at the skin’s surface.

Question 25

Hair Root

Answer 25

The rest of the hair, which is anchored in the follicle, lies below the surface of the skin and is referred to as the hair root.

Question 26

Nail Root

Answer 26

The nail body forms at the nail root, which has a matrix of proliferating cells from the stratum basale that enables the nail to grow continuously.

Question 27

Free edge

Answer 27

Tip of nail

Question 28

Lunula

Answer 28

he nail bed is rich in blood vessels, making it appear pink, except at the base, where a thick layer of epithelium over the nail matrix forms a crescent-shaped region called the lunula (the “little moon”).

Question 29

Eponychium

Answer 29

The nail fold that meets the proximal end of the nail body forms the nail cuticle, also called the eponychium.

Question 30

Pores

Answer 30

gasses, liquids or particles can pass through

Question 31

apocrine sweat gland

Answer 31

apocrine sweat gland is usually associated with hair follicles in densely hairy areas, such as armpits and genital regions.

Question 32

eccrine sweat

Answer 32

eccrine sweat gland is type of gland that produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation.

Question 33

epidermis

Answer 33

top layer of skin

Question 34

dermis

Answer 34

middle layer of skin

Question 35

Hypodermis

Answer 35

fatty, bottom layer of skin