Integumentary System Flashcards
basal cell carcinoma
skin cancer that develops on the face or cheek area
melanoma
skin cancer that develops from melanocytes that come from genetics or too much exposure from sun.
eczema
skin gets itchy bumpy and red.
stretch marks
develops when skin shrinks and grows quickly.
Callas/ Corns
thick, hardened layers of skin that develop when your skin tries to protect itself from friction or pressure
Integumentary System Main Organs
Hair, Skin, Nails
Functions #1 (protection)
The skins protects the rest of the body from the basic elements of nature
Function #2 - Sensory Function
The skin acts as a sense organ because the epidermis, dermis, and the hypodermis contain specialized sensory nerve structures that detect touch, surface temperature, and pain.
Function #3 - Thermoregulation
The integumentary system helps regulate body temperature through its tight association with the sympathetic nervous system, the division of the nervous system involved in our fight-or-flight responses.
Function #4 - Vitamin D Synthesis
The epidermal layer of human skin synthesizes vitamin D when exposed to UV radiation. In the presence of sunlight, a form of vitamin D3 called cholecalciferol is synthesized in the skin. Vitamin D is essential for normal absorption of calcium and phosphorous, which are required for healthy bones.
Skin
The skin is made of multiple layers of cells and tissues, which are held to underlying structures by connective tissue. The deeper layer of skin is well vascularized (has numerous blood vessels). It also has numerous sensory, and autonomic and sympathetic nerve fibers ensuring communication to and from the brain.
Keratinocyte
A keratinocyte is a cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin.
Keratian
Keratin is an intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties.
Stratum basale
Deepest epidermal layer (the base) and attaches the epidermis to the basal lamina, below which lie the layers of the dermis.
Stratum spinosum
spiny in appearance due to the protruding cell processes that join the cells via a structure called a desmosome.
Stratum granulosum
Has a grainy appearance due to further changes to the keratinocytes as they are pushed from the stratum spinosum. The cells (three to five layers deep) become flatter, their cell membranes thicken, and they generate large amounts of the proteins keratin and keratohyalin, which accumulates as lamellar granules within the cells.
Stratum lucidum
A smooth, seemingly translucent layer of the epidermis located just above the stratum granulosum and below the stratum corneum.
Stratum corneum
The most superficial layer of the epidermis and is the layer exposed to the outside environment. The increased keratinization (also called cornification) of the cells in this layer gives it its name. There are usually 15 to 30 layers of cells in the stratum corneum.
5 layers (superficial to deep)
Stratum corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum Basale
Thin skin
Stratum corneum, Stratum Granulosum,Stratum spinosum,Stratum Basale
Thick Skin
All 5 layers of skin
Hair
Hair is a keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis. It is primarily made of dead, keratinized cells. Strands of hair originate in an epidermal penetration of the dermis called the hair follicle.
Hair Follicle
Strands of hair originate in an epidermal penetration of the dermis
Hair shaft
The hair shaft is the part of the hair not anchored to the follicle, and much of this is exposed at the skin’s surface.
Hair Root
The rest of the hair, which is anchored in the follicle, lies below the surface of the skin and is referred to as the hair root.
Nail Root
The nail body forms at the nail root, which has a matrix of proliferating cells from the stratum basale that enables the nail to grow continuously.
Free edge
Tip of nail
Lunula
he nail bed is rich in blood vessels, making it appear pink, except at the base, where a thick layer of epithelium over the nail matrix forms a crescent-shaped region called the lunula (the “little moon”).
Eponychium
The nail fold that meets the proximal end of the nail body forms the nail cuticle, also called the eponychium.
Pores
gasses, liquids or particles can pass through
apocrine sweat gland
apocrine sweat gland is usually associated with hair follicles in densely hairy areas, such as armpits and genital regions.
eccrine sweat
eccrine sweat gland is type of gland that produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation.
epidermis
top layer of skin
dermis
middle layer of skin
Hypodermis
fatty, bottom layer of skin
