Muscular System Flashcards
Skeletal Muscle
fibers are multinucleated structures that compose the skeletal muscle, voluntary
Cardiac Muscle
are only found in the heart, involuntary
Smooth Muscle
called so because they do not have striations. These can be found in hollow organs such as bladder, stomach, uterus, intestines, and passageways of circulatory system, involuntary
Exicability
Able to send electrical waves (action potential) along the entire length
Elasticity
Having the ability to recoil back to its original length
Extensibility
allows muscles to stretch or extend
Contractility
allows muscles to pull on its attachment and shorten
Epimysium
outermost layer, surrounds entire muscle
Perimysium
separates and surrounds fascicles
Endomysium
surrounds each individual muscle fiber
Sarcolemma
muscle fiber membrane
Myofibril
individual parallel muscle fibers (made up of actin and myosin)
Sarcoplasm
inner material surrounding the myofibril (equivalent to the cell’s cytoplasm)
Fascicle
the muscle fibers that are arranged in bundles
Actin
thin filaments
Myosin
thick filaments
Subclavius
depression
stabilizes clavicle during movement by depressing it
Serratus Anterior
scapula: protracts; ribs: elevates
moves arm from side of body to front of body; assists with inhalation
Trapezius
scapula: rotates inferiorly, retracts, elevates and depresses; spine: extends elevates shoulders (shrugging); pulls shoulder blades together; tilts head backwards
Rhomboid Major
retracts; rotates inferiorly
stabilizes scapula during pectoral girdle movement
Pectoralis Major
flexion; adduction; medial rotation
brings elbows together; moves elbow up (as during an uppercut punch)
Latissimus Dorsi
Humerus: extension, adduction, and medial rotation: scapula: depression
moves elbow back (as in elbowing someone standing behind you); spreads elbows apart
Deltoid
abduction; flexion; extension medial and lateral rotation
lifts arms at the shoulder
Supraspinatus
abduction
rotates the elbow outwards, as during a tennis swing
Teres Major
extension; adduction
assists the infraspinatus in rotating the elbow outwards
Biceps Brachii
flexation; supination
performs a bicep curl; also allows palm of hand to point toward body while flexing
Triceps Brachii
extension
extends forearm; as during a punch
Supinator
supination
Tuns hand palm-up
Pronator Teres
pronation
turns hand pam-down
Iliacus
thigh: flexion and lateral rotation; torso: flexion
raises the knee at the hip, as if performing a knee attack; it also assists the lateral rotators in twisting the thigh (and lower leg) outward, and assists with bending over and maintaining posture
Gluteus Maximus
extension
lowers the knee and moves the thigh back, as when getting ready to kick a ball
Gluteus Medius
abduction
opens the thigh, as when doing a split
Gluteus Minimus
abduction
brings the thighs back together
Adductor Longus
adduction; flexion
brings the thighs back together; it also assists with raising the knee
Rectus Femoris
tibia/fibula: extension; thigh: adduction
moves the back of the lower legs up out in front of the body, as when kicking; it also assists in raising the knee
Biceps Femoris
tibia/ fibula: flexation; thigh: extension, lateral rotation
moves the back of the lower leg up and back toward the buttocks, as when kneeling; it also moves the thigh down and back and twists the thigh (and lower leg) outward
Tibialis Anterior
dorsiflexion; inversion
raises the sole of the foot off the ground, as when preparing to foot-tap; bends the inside of the foot upwards, as when catching your balance while falling laterally toward the opposite side as the balancing foot
Extensor Hallucis Longus
foot; dorsiflexion; big toe: extension
raises the sole of the foot off the ground , as when preparing to foot-tap; extends the toes
Extensor Digitorum Longus
foot: dorsiflexion; toes: extension
raises the sole of the foot off the ground, as when preparing to foot-tap; extends the toes
Gastrocnemius
foot: plantar flexion; tibia/fibula: flexion
Soleus
plantar flexion
lowers the sole of the foot the ground, as when foot-tapping or jumping; it also maintains postures while walking
Tibialis Posterior
plantar flexion
lowers the sole of the foot to the ground, as when foot- tapping or jumping
Flexor Digitorum Longus
foot: plantar flexion and inversion; toes: flexion
lowers the sole of the foot to the ground, as when foot-tapping or jumping; it also bends the inside of the foot upward and flexes the toes
Flexor Hallicis Longus
big toe: flexion; foot: plantar flexion
flexes the big toe
