Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Arteries

Answer 1

vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Question 2

Blood Vessels

Answer 2

a tubular structure carrying blood through the tissues and organs; a vein, artery, or capillary.

Question 3

Capillaries

Answer 3

tiny vessels that branch off from arteries to deliver blood to all body tissues.

Question 4

De oxygenated

Answer 4

body → right chambers of the heart → lung

Question 5

Heart

Answer 5

a muscular pump that forces blood around the body

Question 6

Oxygen

Answer 6

a colorless, odorless reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of the air.

Question 7

Oxygenated

Answer 7

left chambers of the heart → body

Question 8

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 8

the pulmonary circulation, between the heart and lungs, transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygen, and then back to the heart.

Question 9

Systemic circulation

Answer 9

the systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues and cells, and then back to the heart.

Question 10

Veins

Answer 10

vessels that bring blood back to the heart.

Question 11

Size of Heart

Answer 11

at about the size of a fist and shaped like an upside-down pear, the heart lies directly behind the sternum.

Question 12

How many chambers does a heart have?

Answer 12

4 chambers

Question 13

Location of heart

Answer 13

located in the mediastinum in the center of the chest cavity; however, it is not exactly centered; more of the heart is on the left side of the mediastinum than the right.

Question 14

Apex

Answer 14

the tip of the heart at the lower edge

Question 15

Endocardium

Answer 15

the inner layer of the heart lining the heart chambers. It is a very smooth, thin layer that serves to reduce friction as the blood passes through the heart chambers.

Question 16

Myocardium

Answer 16

s the thick, muscular middle layer of the heart. Contraction of this muscle layer develops the pressure required to pump blood through the blood vessels.

Question 17

Pericardium

Answer 17

The heart is enclosed within a double-layered pleural sac

Question 18

Atria

Answer 18

the receiving chambers of the heart.

blood returning to the heart via veins first collects in the atria.

Question 19

Ventricles

Answer 19

the pumping chambers.

they have a much thicker myocardium and their contraction ejects blood out of the heart and into the great arteries.

Question 20

Tricuspid valve

Answer 20

an atrioventricular valve (AV), meaning that it controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle. Once the blood enters the right ventricle, it cannot go back up into the atrium again. This valve has three (tri) leaflets or cusps.

Question 21

Pulmonary valve

Answer 21

a semilunar valve, with the prefix semi- meaning half and the term lunar meaning moon, indicate that this valve looks like a half moon. Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, this valve prevents blood that has been ejected into the pulmonary artery from returning to the right ventricle as it relaxes.

Question 22

Mitral valve

Answer 22

also called the bicuspid valve, indicating that it has two cusps. Blood flows through this atrioventricular valve to the left ventricle and cannot go back up into the left atrium.

Question 23

Aortic valve

Answer 23

a semilunar valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta. Blood leaves the left ventricle through this valve and cannot return to the left ventricle.