Respiratory System Flashcards
movement of air into and out of the lungs
ventilation or breathing
exchange of O2 and CO2 between air in the lungs and the blood
Respiration
Functions of Respiratory system
Respiration Regulation of Blood pH Voice Production Olfaction Innate Immunity
What are the organs in Upper Respiratory Tract? ENP
External Nose
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
What are the Organs in Lower Respiratory Tract? BLT
Bronchi
Lungs
Trachea
Filters the Air Involved in Speech has Olfactory receptors Warms the Air Sneezing dislodges materials from \_\_\_\_\_
Nose
Components of Nose? ENPCN
External Nose Nasal Cavity Paranasal Sinuses Conchae Nasolacrimal ducts
composed of mainly of hyaline cartilage
External Nose
openings to pharynx
choana
hard palate is the roof
nares(nostrils) to choane/a
Nasal Cavity
air filled spaces within the bone
open into nasal cavity
lined with mucous
Paranasal Sinuses
on the each side of nasal cavity
increase the surface area of nasal caity
help in cleaning, humidifying, warming of air
Conchae
carry tears from eyes
open into nasal cavity
NAsolacrimal glands
common passageway for the respiratory and digestive systems?
Pharynx
5 Parts of Pharnyx? NOLUP
Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Uvula Pharyngeal Tonsil
“little grape” extension of soft palate
Uvula
aids in defending againts infections
Pharyngeal Tonsil
where we takes in the air
Nasopharynx
uvula to epiglottis
where we takes in food, drink, and air
Oropharnyx
epiglottis to esophagus
where food and drink pass thru
Laryngopharynx
a reflex that dislodges foreign substances from nasal cavity
Sneeze reflex
AKA Voicebox
located into the anterior throat and extends to base of tongue to trachea
Larynx
3 parts of Larynx? TEV
Thyroid Cartilage
Epiglottis
Vocal Cords/Folds
inflammatoin of vocal cords
caused by overuse, dryair, infection
Laryngitis
source of voice production
air passes -> they vibrate = voice
force of air determine loudness
tension determines pitch
Vocal Cords
A flap that prevents swallowed susbstance from entering Larynx
Epiglottis
AKA Adam’s Apple
Thyroid Cartillage
-Large piece pf cartillage
T or F
smoking kills the cilia
True
dislodges materials from trachea
cough
divides into right and left primary bronchi
contains pseudostratified columnar epithelium
16-20 C shape cartillage
Trachea
Connects to lungs
w/ cillia
c-shape cartillage
Bronchi
Primary organ of respiration
Lungs -cone shaped -the base rest on the diaphgram apex extends from CLAVICLE MANY AIR PASSAGEWAYS
T or F
Right Lung- 3 Lobes
Left Lung - 2 Lobes
True
Air Flow step by step
8
Primary Bronchi Lobar Bronchi Segmental Bronchi Bronchioles Terminal Bronchioles Respiratory Bronchioles Alveoli Ducts Alveoli
T or F
structures becomes increase in size and decrease in number
False
structure DECREASE in size and INCREASE in numbers
What are lines the lobes of the lungs?
Oblique Fissure
T or F
in lungs
Red is Pulmonary Artery
Blue is Pulmonary Vein
False
Red is PULMONARY VEIN
Blue is PULMONARY ARTERY
small air sacs
300MILLION in lungs that surrounded by capilliraies
Alveoli - grapes sa lungs
where gas exchange occurs
diseases that causes contraction of terminal bronchioles leads to REDUCED AIR FLOW
ASTHMA ATTACK
Formed by walls of alveoli and capilliaries
Alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles also contribute
very thin for diffusion of gases
RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE
T or F
Alveoli Fluid have SURFACTANT
True
houses the lungs
pluera
membrane that lines the thoracic cavity
Parietal Pluera
membrane that cover’s the lung surface
Visceral Pleura
spaces around each lung
Pleural CAvity
AKA Breathing
process of which the moving of air in and out of the lungs
Ventilation
USES DIAPHGRAM-skeletal muscles that separates thoracic and abdominal cavities
Phases of Ventilation
Inspiration
- breathe in
- uses diaphgram & external intercostal muscles
Expiration
- breathe out
- uses diaphgram
Forceful Expiration
-uses internal intercostal muscles
the external intercostal muscles contracts, elevating the ribs and moving the sternum
quiet breathing
additional muscles contract, causing aditional expansion of thorax
Labored Breathing
End of Expiration:
Diaphgram _____
Relaxes
End of Inspiration:
Diaphgram _______
Contracts
T or F
when thoracic cavity volume INCREASE pressure also INCREASES
False
Pag lumaki yung thoracic cavity, magkakaroon ng less pressure
T or F
Air Flows from areas of high to low pressure
True
Thoracic Cavity Volume INCREASE
Pressure DECREASE
Diaphgram descends and rib cage expands
Inspiration
-atmospheric pressure is greater than alveolar pressure
air moves into alveoli of lungs
Thoracic Cavity Volume DECREASE
Pressure INCREASE
Diaphgram relaxes and rib cage recoils
Expiration
- Alveolar pressure is greater that atmospheric pressure
- air moves out
tendency for an expanded lung to decrease in size
occurs during quit respiration
Lung Recoil
-elastic fibrs and thin fil of fluid lining alveoli
a mixture of lipoproteins
single fluid layer on the surface of thin lining alveoli
Surfactant
-produce by secretory cells of alveoli
T or F
surfactant reduces tension and keeps the lung sfrom collapsing
True
pressure in the pleural cavity
keeps the alveoli from collapsing
Pleural Pressure
-less alveolar pressure
Factors that Influence Pulmonary Ventilation?
Lung Elasticity
Lung Compliance
Respiratory Passageway Resistance
Device that measure pulmonary Volumes
Spirometer
volume of air inspired and expired during quiet breathing
Tidal Volume
volume of air inspired forcefully after normal inspiration
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
volume of air that can be expired forcefullly after normal expiration
Expiratory Reserve Volume
Volume of air remaining in lungs after maximal expiartion
Residual Volume
-cannot be measured by spirometer
maximum amout of air a person can expire after a max inspiration
Vital Capacity
IRV + ERV + TV = VC
formula for TLC? total lung capacity
VC + RV = TLC
where gas exchange between blood and air occurs
some in respiratory bronchioles and alveolar duct
Respiratory Membrane
-primary alveoli
T or F
Respiratory Membrane occurs in bronchioles, Bronchi and Trachea
False
Respiratory MEmbrane DOES NOT occur in Bronchioles, Bronchi, Trachea
T or F
Gas Exchange can influence the thickness of membrane, total area of membrane, and partial pressure of gases
True
Increase thickness = Decrease rate of Diffusion
decreases the diffusion of gases
Pulmonary Edema -increase thickness of membrane -gas exchange decrease O2 exchange is affected before CO2 because CO2 diffuse more easily tha O2
Total Surface of Respiratory Membrane?
70 sqm (basketball court)
-could be decrease due to removal of lung tissue, destruction from cancer, emphysema
pressure exerted by specific gas in mixture of gases
Partial Pressure
atmospheric pressure at sea level 760mmHg
O2 partial pressure is 160mmHg
T or F
Uppercase P represents Partial pressure of certain gas PO2
True
T or F
O2 diffuses from alveoli to pulmonary Capillaries of Blood
CO2 diffuses from Capillaries to Alveoli
True
T or F
Oxygen Diffuses from capillaries into interstitial fluid because PO2 in interstitial fluid is lower than capillary
True
Oxygen diffuses from interstitial fluid to cell is LESS
Flow step by step of Carbon Dioxide and Blood pH
Co2-> Cells-> Capillaries-> Blood-> Plasma-> (combined with blood proteins, bicarbonate ions)
CO2 reacts with water to form ________
Carbonic Acid
Respiratory Acidosis
bpnugo
bi
Increases the rate of CO2 reacting with H2O
Carbonic Anhydrase (RBC)
Normal Respiratory for:
Adults
Children
12 -20 per minute - adults
20-40 per minute -children
T or F
Rhythym is controlled by neurons in the medulla oblongata
True
rate is determine by number of times respiratory muscles are stimulated
T or F
Higher Brain centers allow VOLUNTARY BREATHING
-emotions and speech affects breathing
True
inhibits respiratory center when lungs are stretched during inspiration
Hering-Breuer Reflex
Receptors in Breathing?
Chemoreceptor in medulla obloongata
-changes in blood pH
