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Anaphy Lecture > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

movement of air into and out of the lungs

A

ventilation or breathing

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2
Q

exchange of O2 and CO2 between air in the lungs and the blood

A

Respiration

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3
Q

Functions of Respiratory system

A 
Respiration
Regulation of Blood pH
Voice Production
Olfaction
Innate Immunity
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4
Q

What are the organs in Upper Respiratory Tract? ENP

A

External Nose
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx

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5
Q

What are the Organs in Lower Respiratory Tract? BLT

A

Bronchi
Lungs
Trachea

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6
Q 
Filters the Air
Involved in Speech
has Olfactory receptors
Warms the Air
Sneezing dislodges materials from \_\_\_\_\_
A

Nose

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7
Q

Components of Nose? ENPCN

A 
External Nose
Nasal Cavity
Paranasal Sinuses
Conchae
Nasolacrimal ducts
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8
Q

composed of mainly of hyaline cartilage

A

External Nose

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9
Q

openings to pharynx

A

choana

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10
Q

hard palate is the roof

nares(nostrils) to choane/a

A

Nasal Cavity

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11
Q

air filled spaces within the bone
open into nasal cavity
lined with mucous

A

Paranasal Sinuses

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12
Q

on the each side of nasal cavity
increase the surface area of nasal caity
help in cleaning, humidifying, warming of air

A

Conchae

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13
Q

carry tears from eyes

open into nasal cavity

A

NAsolacrimal glands

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14
Q

common passageway for the respiratory and digestive systems?

A

Pharynx

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15
Q

5 Parts of Pharnyx? NOLUP

A 
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Uvula
Pharyngeal Tonsil
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16
Q

“little grape” extension of soft palate

A

Uvula

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17
Q

aids in defending againts infections

A

Pharyngeal Tonsil

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18
Q

where we takes in the air

A

Nasopharynx

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19
Q

uvula to epiglottis

where we takes in food, drink, and air

A

Oropharnyx

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20
Q

epiglottis to esophagus

where food and drink pass thru

A

Laryngopharynx

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21
Q

a reflex that dislodges foreign substances from nasal cavity

A

Sneeze reflex

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22
Q

AKA Voicebox

located into the anterior throat and extends to base of tongue to trachea

A

Larynx

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23
Q

3 parts of Larynx? TEV

A

Thyroid Cartilage
Epiglottis
Vocal Cords/Folds

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24
Q

inflammatoin of vocal cords

caused by overuse, dryair, infection

A

Laryngitis

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25
Q

source of voice production

air passes -> they vibrate = voice

force of air determine loudness
tension determines pitch

A

Vocal Cords

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26
Q

A flap that prevents swallowed susbstance from entering Larynx

A

Epiglottis

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27
Q

AKA Adam’s Apple

A

Thyroid Cartillage

-Large piece pf cartillage

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28
Q

T or F

smoking kills the cilia

A

True

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29
Q

dislodges materials from trachea

A

cough

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30
Q

divides into right and left primary bronchi
contains pseudostratified columnar epithelium
16-20 C shape cartillage

A

Trachea

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31
Q

Connects to lungs
w/ cillia
c-shape cartillage

A

Bronchi

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32
Q

Primary organ of respiration

A 
Lungs
-cone shaped
-the base rest on the diaphgram
apex extends from CLAVICLE
MANY AIR PASSAGEWAYS
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33
Q

T or F

Right Lung- 3 Lobes
Left Lung - 2 Lobes

A

True

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34
Q

Air Flow step by step

8

A 
Primary Bronchi
Lobar Bronchi
Segmental Bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal Bronchioles
Respiratory Bronchioles
Alveoli Ducts
Alveoli
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35
Q

T or F

structures becomes increase in size and decrease in number

A

False

structure DECREASE in size and INCREASE in numbers

36
Q

What are lines the lobes of the lungs?

A

Oblique Fissure

37
Q

T or F

in lungs

Red is Pulmonary Artery
Blue is Pulmonary Vein

A

False

Red is PULMONARY VEIN
Blue is PULMONARY ARTERY

38
Q

small air sacs

300MILLION in lungs that surrounded by capilliraies

A

Alveoli - grapes sa lungs

where gas exchange occurs

39
Q

diseases that causes contraction of terminal bronchioles leads to REDUCED AIR FLOW

A

ASTHMA ATTACK

40
Q

Formed by walls of alveoli and capilliaries
Alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles also contribute

very thin for diffusion of gases

A

RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE

41
Q

T or F

Alveoli Fluid have SURFACTANT

A

True

42
Q

houses the lungs

A

pluera

43
Q

membrane that lines the thoracic cavity

A

Parietal Pluera

44
Q

membrane that cover’s the lung surface

A

Visceral Pleura

45
Q

spaces around each lung

A

Pleural CAvity

46
Q

AKA Breathing

process of which the moving of air in and out of the lungs

A

Ventilation

USES DIAPHGRAM-skeletal muscles that separates thoracic and abdominal cavities

47
Q

Phases of Ventilation

A

Inspiration

  • breathe in
  • uses diaphgram & external intercostal muscles

Expiration

  • breathe out
  • uses diaphgram

Forceful Expiration
-uses internal intercostal muscles

48
Q

the external intercostal muscles contracts, elevating the ribs and moving the sternum

A

quiet breathing

49
Q

additional muscles contract, causing aditional expansion of thorax

A

Labored Breathing

50
Q

End of Expiration:

Diaphgram _____

A

Relaxes

51
Q

End of Inspiration:

Diaphgram _______

A

Contracts

52
Q

T or F

when thoracic cavity volume INCREASE pressure also INCREASES

A

False

Pag lumaki yung thoracic cavity, magkakaroon ng less pressure

53
Q

T or F

Air Flows from areas of high to low pressure

A

True

54
Q

Thoracic Cavity Volume INCREASE
Pressure DECREASE

Diaphgram descends and rib cage expands

A

Inspiration
-atmospheric pressure is greater than alveolar pressure
air moves into alveoli of lungs

55
Q

Thoracic Cavity Volume DECREASE
Pressure INCREASE

Diaphgram relaxes and rib cage recoils

A

Expiration

  • Alveolar pressure is greater that atmospheric pressure
  • air moves out
56
Q

tendency for an expanded lung to decrease in size

occurs during quit respiration

A

Lung Recoil

-elastic fibrs and thin fil of fluid lining alveoli

57
Q

a mixture of lipoproteins

single fluid layer on the surface of thin lining alveoli

A

Surfactant

-produce by secretory cells of alveoli

58
Q

T or F

surfactant reduces tension and keeps the lung sfrom collapsing

A

True

59
Q

pressure in the pleural cavity

keeps the alveoli from collapsing

A

Pleural Pressure

-less alveolar pressure

60
Q

Factors that Influence Pulmonary Ventilation?

A

Lung Elasticity
Lung Compliance
Respiratory Passageway Resistance

61
Q

Device that measure pulmonary Volumes

A

Spirometer

62
Q

volume of air inspired and expired during quiet breathing

A

Tidal Volume

63
Q

volume of air inspired forcefully after normal inspiration

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

64
Q

volume of air that can be expired forcefullly after normal expiration

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume

65
Q

Volume of air remaining in lungs after maximal expiartion

A

Residual Volume

-cannot be measured by spirometer

66
Q

maximum amout of air a person can expire after a max inspiration

A

Vital Capacity

IRV + ERV + TV = VC

67
Q

formula for TLC? total lung capacity

A

VC + RV = TLC

68
Q

where gas exchange between blood and air occurs

some in respiratory bronchioles and alveolar duct

A

Respiratory Membrane

-primary alveoli

69
Q

T or F

Respiratory Membrane occurs in bronchioles, Bronchi and Trachea

A

False

Respiratory MEmbrane DOES NOT occur in Bronchioles, Bronchi, Trachea

70
Q

T or F

Gas Exchange can influence the thickness of membrane, total area of membrane, and partial pressure of gases

A

True

Increase thickness = Decrease rate of Diffusion

71
Q

decreases the diffusion of gases

A 
Pulmonary Edema
-increase thickness of membrane
-gas exchange decrease
O2 exchange is affected before CO2 
because CO2 diffuse more easily tha O2
72
Q

Total Surface of Respiratory Membrane?

A

70 sqm (basketball court)

-could be decrease due to removal of lung tissue, destruction from cancer, emphysema

73
Q

pressure exerted by specific gas in mixture of gases

A

Partial Pressure

atmospheric pressure at sea level 760mmHg
O2 partial pressure is 160mmHg

74
Q

T or F

Uppercase P represents Partial pressure of certain gas PO2

A

True

75
Q

T or F

O2 diffuses from alveoli to pulmonary Capillaries of Blood
CO2 diffuses from Capillaries to Alveoli

A

True

76
Q

T or F

Oxygen Diffuses from capillaries into interstitial fluid because PO2 in interstitial fluid is lower than capillary

A

True

Oxygen diffuses from interstitial fluid to cell is LESS

77
Q

Flow step by step of Carbon Dioxide and Blood pH

A

Co2-> Cells-> Capillaries-> Blood-> Plasma-> (combined with blood proteins, bicarbonate ions)

78
Q

CO2 reacts with water to form ________

A

Carbonic Acid

Respiratory Acidosis

79
Q

bpnugo

A

bi

80
Q

Increases the rate of CO2 reacting with H2O

A

Carbonic Anhydrase (RBC)

81
Q

Normal Respiratory for:

Adults
Children

A

12 -20 per minute - adults

20-40 per minute -children

82
Q

T or F

Rhythym is controlled by neurons in the medulla oblongata

A

True

rate is determine by number of times respiratory muscles are stimulated

83
Q

T or F

Higher Brain centers allow VOLUNTARY BREATHING
-emotions and speech affects breathing

A

True

84
Q

inhibits respiratory center when lungs are stretched during inspiration

A

Hering-Breuer Reflex

85
Q

Receptors in Breathing?

A

Chemoreceptor in medulla obloongata

-changes in blood pH

Anaphy Lecture (15 decks)

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