Action Potential Flashcards
Depolarize and Repolarize Actions
Action Potential
Concepts involved in Action Potential
1 Neuron 2 Protein 3 Na+ & K+ 4 Stimuli 5 Voltage
In order to receive stimuli there should be?
Receptors
2 properties of AP?
Irritability
Conductivity
(should be present in Action Potential)
means to disseminate, propagate, distribute and conduct
Propagation
can be visualized thru graph
flow of Ions
it will not cause any energy
Passive Transport
it will cause energy
Active Transport
what ion is present in EXTRACELLULAR SPACE?
Na (Soduim) Major Extracellular Cation
what ion is present in INTRACELLULARLY SPACE?
K (Potassium) Major Intracellular Cation
normal value of Na?
135-145 mEq/L
normal value of K?
3.5-5.5 mEq/L
it is the polarized state with no stimulus
Resting Membrane Potential
T or F
before magkaroon ng Action Potential kailangan ma meet muna yung Threshold
TRUE
what is the responsible for negative charge in the cell?
Proteins
T or F
2 neuron can be propagate to 4 neuron
False, 1 lang dapat
T or F
1 neuron can be dissemenate to 3 neuron
False, 2 lang dapat
Electricity and Chemicals in NS
Stimuli
Voltage Gated Channels is activated
increase membrane permeability to Na 1000x
Depolarization
increase membrane permeability to K 30x
Repolarization
it happens when there is more negative kesa sa Resting Membrane Potential
one cannot stimulate it
pero gradually babalik din
Hyperpolarized
in cases where it cannot stimulate
Refractory - matigas ulo pero it will refract gradually
what is the direction of propagation?
—————> right di na pwedeng bumalik mag rerefract pag bumalik
Action Potential where speed is fastest?
Myelinated 100m/s
unlike unmyelinated 0.5m/s
what happens if muscles are activated?
it contracts or shorten
what happens if glands are activated?
it secretes
example
if sweat gland is activated it will secrete SWEAT
passive flow of ions molecules across the cell membrane
Diffusion
Counterpart of Diffusion?
flowback after entering
needed kasi kailangan ng homeostasis palagi
Active Transport
T or F
voltage gated channels are always open for Na and K
False, open lang siya for certain phase
ability to perceive stimuli
sense
awareness of stimuli received by sensory neurons
sensation
sensory nerve endings that responds to stimuli by developing AP
Sensory receptors
receptors are distributed over large part of the body
General Senses
T or F
2 types of General Senses are
Somatic and Visceral
True
Somatic ( about environment and body)
Visceral ( about internal organs)
receptors that are confined to a particular space
Special Senses
T or F
visceral is a serous membrane
True
5 types of Special Senses?
Sight Taste Smell Hearing Balance
5 types of receptors
Mechanoreceptor Chemoreceptors Photoreceptor Thermoreceptor Nocicereceptor
main receptor to detect light
Photoreceptor
main receptor to detect pain
Nocicereceptor
main receptor to detect chemicals and odorants
Chemoreceptor
main receptor to detect temperature changes
Thermoreceptor
main receptors to detect movement, touch, pressure, vibration
Mechanoreceptor
5 types of touch receptors
Merkel's Disk Hair Follicle Receptor Meissner Corpuscle Ruffini Corpuscle Pacinian Corpuscle
detects continuous pressure in skin and deep tactile receptor
ruffini corpuscle
AKA deepest receptor detects deep pressure, vibration, position
associated with tendons and joints
pacinian corpuscle
detects light touch and pressure
merkel’s disk
detects light touch
Hair Follicle Receptor
Deep in Epidermis
can sense discriminative touch and localize tactile sensation
kaya niya madistinguish kung saan yung magkaibang touch
Meisnner Corpuscle
unpleasant perceptual and emotional experience
PAIN
2 Types of Pain
Localized
Diffusion
sharp pricking and cutting pain
to a specific area only means Rapid AP
Localized Pain
burning and aching pain means Slow AP
to a larger are
Diffused Pain
T or F
nerves in the pacinian is thicker than nerve fibers
True
what do you call a non painful deep touch
nonesoseptic
region that is not the source of pain
this can be felt when internal organs are damaged or inflamed
Referred Pain
sensory neurons from superficial are and neurons of source pain converge onto some ascending neurons of spinal cord
Referred Pain
non painful input
close the nerve “gates” to painful input
Gate Control Theory
prevents pain sensation from travelling all the way to the CNS
