Hemostasis, Platelet Plug, Blood Clotting, Fibrinolysis Flashcards
1
Q
process that controls bleeding at the site of injury
A
hemostasis
2
Q
main mechanism of hemostatic mechanism involves
A
platelets
3
Q
what are the substance that binds to platelets when exposed to injury?
A
Collagen
VWF (von Willebrand Factor)
4
Q
most immediate response of blood vessels to injury?
A
vascular spasm
5
Q
chemical release to constrict the blood vessels?
A
serotonin
6
Q
chemical release to speed up the formation and propagation of platelet plug
A
ADP, Thromboxane A2
7
Q
platelet plug with the reinforcement of fibrin in skin causes?
A
blood clotting
8
Q
2 pathway converge into a common pathway producing?
A
thrombin and fibrin
9
Q
has the central role in the coagulation cascade.
further activates platelets, and initiates a positive feedback loop that is essential for clot propagation.
A
thrombin
10
Q
small cascade that produces the enzyme plasmin.
Plasmin cleaves fibrin and dissolves the clot.
A
fibrinolysis
-coagulation needs to be dissolved to restore blood flow.
11
Q
unwanted blood clot
most common blockage in artery
A
thrombosis
12
Q
3 steps of hemostasis
A
vascular spasm
platelet plug
blood clot
13
Q
components of blood plasma
A
proteins, salt, ions, fats
14
Q
t or f
factors of blood coagulation transform fibrinogen in polymers of fibrin
A
true
15
Q
t or f
fibrinolytic degradation are phagocytes by macrophages and eosinophils
A
true
16
Q
Components of Blood?
A
Erythrocytes (RBC)
Thrombocytes (Platelets)
Leukocytes (WBC)
Plasma
17
Q
55% of blood, pale yellow liquid that surrounds the cell
A
Plasma
91% water
7% proteins
2% other
18
Q
45% in the Blood
A
RBC or Erythrocytes
19
Q
1% (leukocytes & thrombocytes)
A
Buffy Coat
20
Q
3 Plasma Proteins
A
Albumin 58%
Globulins 38%
Fibrinogen 4%
21
Q
helps immune system
38% in plasma proteins
A
Globulins
22
Q
helps maintain water balance
58% in plasma proteins
A
Albumin
23
Q
aids in clot formation
4% in plasma proteins
A
Fibrinogen
24
Q
what are thw WBC?
A
Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils
25
it is the process that produces formed elements
in fetus, it occurs in several tissues, liver, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and Red bone marrow
Hematopoiesis
26
synthesis of blood cells
hematopoiesis
27
synthesis of RBC?
erythropoiesis
28
T or F
after birth, hematopoiesis is confined primarily to red bone marrow, but some white blood cells are produced in LYMPHATIC TISSUES
True
29
all formed elements of blood are derived from a single population of cells called?
Stem Cell or Hemacytoblasts
30
T or F
stem cells differentiate to give RISE to DIFFERENT CELL LINES, each of which ends with the formation of a particular type of formed element
True
31
disk-shaped with thick edges that transport O2 to Tissues
| nucleus is lost during development ( kaya it appear na lubog yung gitna kasi no nucleus)
RBC (120 days life)
32
main component of erythrocytes?
Hemoglobin
33
T or F
each globin is ATTACHED to a HEME Molecule
each heme CONTAINS 1 iron atom
02 binds to ion
therefore, Oxyhemoglobin is born
True
Oxyhemoglobin
-hemoglobind with Oxygen attached to it
34
1) ERYTHROPOIETIN stimulates red bone marrow to produce more erythrocytes
2) Increased Erythrocytes causes and INCREASE BLOOD OXYGEN Levels
3) decrease blood Oxygen levels causes kidney to INCREASE PRODUCTION of ERYTHOPOIETIN
arrange it by order
3,1,2
35
T or F
when there is an increase in RBC Production, There is a decrease in Blood Oxygen Levels
False
pag tumaas ang production ng RBC, tataas din yung Blood oxygen Levels
36
what removes and where does old RBC are removed?
they are removed bay macrophages in LIVER & SPLEEN
37
T or F
Old Erythrocytes and Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is broken down
Globin is broken down into aa
Hemoglobin's iron is RECYCLED
Heme is converted in BILIRUBIN
BILIRUBIN - is taken up by liver and release into small intestine as part of bile
True
38
T or F
hemoglobin when broken down will form
HEME and Globin
True
39
when Globin is broken down, what will produce?
AA
40
T or F
when Heme is broken down, it will produce bilirubin
True
it will form heme bilirubin and iron
41
they lack in hemoglobin
Leukocytes
- to fight infection
- removes dead cells and debris by PHAGOCYTOSIS
42
Which is the largest? RBC or WBC?
WBC it has nucleus undlike RBC
43
this fights the infection
remove dead cells and debris by phagocytosis
WBC
44
2 types of Leukocytes
Granulocytes
= Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
Agranulocytes
=Lymphocytes, Monocytes
45
most common type of leukocytes
remains 1-12 hours
phagocytes
Neutrophils
46
small sized WBC and produce macropanges
Lymphocytes
helps with (t cell.s and B cells)
47
reduces inflammation
| destroy parasites
Eosinopils
48
immune system response
several different T cells and B cs
lipis production of anti bodies
WBC AGRANULATES
49
minute fragment of cells, each consisting of a small amount of cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane
platelets
50
platelets are formed in what?
Megakaryocytes
| in red bone marrow
51
T or F
Plasma play an important role in preventing Blood loss
FALSE
Platelets yun may role niyan
52
T or F
Blood loss must be replace by production of new Blood cell or by a transfussion
True
53
what prevents the blood loss/
Vascular Spasm
Platelet Plug
Blood clotting
54
This is an intermediate but temporary constriction of BV that result when smooth muscle with a wall of the vessels contracts
Vascular spasm
55
constriction can close small vessels completely and stop the flow of blood through them
Vascular Spasm
| stimulates by chemicals released by cells of damage blood vessels wall and and platelets
56
very important in maintaining the integrity of damaged BV
Platelet Plug
57
T or F
there are a series of steps when it comes to platelet plugs, however, many of them occur at the different time
false kasi
marami sakanila ang oocur at the same time
58
Platelet Plug steps
Platelet Adhesion -> Platelet Stick +collagen=platelet aggregation = Platelet Plug
59
fibrinogen forms bridges between the fibrinogen receptors of numerous platelets, resulting in a platelet plug
Platelet Aggregation
60
what is von willebrand factor?
it is when collagen and platelets are exposed
61
chemicals released in platelet plug? that activated the platelets to be active
ADP, Thromboxane
62
T or F
accumulation of mass of platelets resulting to platelet plug
True
63
blood is transformed into gel
Blood Clotting
64
network of thread-like proteins
Fibrin
65
network of thread-like proteins called fibrin that traps the blood cells and the fluid
Clot
66
Clotting Factors
-proteins in plasma
• only activated following injury
• made in liver
• requires vitamin K
67
Step by step Blood Clot Formation
1. Injury to a blood vessel causes inactive clotting factors to become
activated due to exposed connective tissue or release of
thromboplastin.
2. Prothrombinase (clotting factor) is formed and acts upon prothrombin
3. Prothrombin is switched to its active form thrombin
4. Thrombin activates fibrinogen into its active form fibrin
5. Fibrin forms a network that traps blood (clot)
68
It prevents clots from forming
Anticoagulants
| eg heparin, antithrombin
69
T or F
Injury causes enough clotting factors to be activated that anticoagulants can’t work in that particular area of the body
True
70
process of dissolving the clot
Fibrinolysis of the Fibrin
71
condensing of clot
serum in plasma is squeezed out of a clot
helps enhance healing
Clot retraction
72
AKA Plasma Protein
Plasminogen
73
T or F
Plasmin breaks down fibrin
firinolysis happened
True
74
it breaks down blood clot
Plasmin
75
it is the clumping of blood cells
transfusion reaction/ aggulination
76
molecules that are found in the surface of erythrocytes
Antigens
77
Proteins in plasma
Antbodies
78
name according to antigen -yes
| ABO
Blood groups
79
2 types of antigen
Antigen A & B
80
T or F
BLOOD TYPE O – has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies
True
81
Antibodies against the antigens are usually present in the ___________
The plasma of the blood
82
T or F
Type A can receive B, A,and O
true except B otherwise, it will cause agglutination
83
T or F
Type O, since it is universal, it can receive all blood types
False
O lang dapat dzai
84
Rh _______ means you have Rh antigens
Rh Blood Group
85
This condition occurs when the mother produces anti-Rh antibodies that cross placenta and agglutination and hemolysis of fetal erythrocytes occurs
can be fatal to the fetus
hemolytic disease of newborn
can be prevented if the mother is treated with RhoGAM which
contains antibodies against the Rh antigens.
86
provides information such as RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and
WBC count
complete blood count
87
percentage of total blood volume composed of red blood cells
hematocrit
88
determines the amount of hemoglobin and indicates anemia
hemoglobin
89
– time it takes for blood to begin clotting
| – 9 to 12 seconds
Prothrombin Time
90
– total number of white blood cells
WBC Count
91
determines the percentages of each 5 kinds of leukocytes
WBC Differential Count
```
Neutrophils: 60 to 70 %
Lymphocytes: 20 to 25 %
Monocytes: 3 To 8 %
Eosinophils: 2 To 4 %
Basophils: 0.5 To 1 %
```
92
- low white blood cell count
| - caused by radiation, chemotherapy drugs, tumors, viral infections
leukopenia
93
- high white blood cell count
| - caused by infections and leukemia
leukocytosis
