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Anaphy Lecture > Hemostasis, Platelet Plug, Blood Clotting, Fibrinolysis > Flashcards

Hemostasis, Platelet Plug, Blood Clotting, Fibrinolysis Flashcards

1
Q

process that controls bleeding at the site of injury

A

hemostasis

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2
Q

main mechanism of hemostatic mechanism involves

A

platelets

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3
Q

what are the substance that binds to platelets when exposed to injury?

A

Collagen

VWF (von Willebrand Factor)

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4
Q

most immediate response of blood vessels to injury?

A

vascular spasm

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5
Q

chemical release to constrict the blood vessels?

A

serotonin

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6
Q

chemical release to speed up the formation and propagation of platelet plug

A

ADP, Thromboxane A2

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7
Q

platelet plug with the reinforcement of fibrin in skin causes?

A

blood clotting

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8
Q

2 pathway converge into a common pathway producing?

A

thrombin and fibrin

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9
Q

has the central role in the coagulation cascade.

further activates platelets, and initiates a positive feedback loop that is essential for clot propagation.

A

thrombin

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10
Q

small cascade that produces the enzyme plasmin.

Plasmin cleaves fibrin and dissolves the clot.

A

fibrinolysis

-coagulation needs to be dissolved to restore blood flow.

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11
Q

unwanted blood clot

most common blockage in artery

A

thrombosis

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12
Q

3 steps of hemostasis

A

vascular spasm
platelet plug
blood clot

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13
Q

components of blood plasma

A

proteins, salt, ions, fats

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14
Q

t or f

factors of blood coagulation transform fibrinogen in polymers of fibrin

A

true

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15
Q

t or f

fibrinolytic degradation are phagocytes by macrophages and eosinophils

A

true

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16
Q

Components of Blood?

A

Erythrocytes (RBC)
Thrombocytes (Platelets)
Leukocytes (WBC)
Plasma

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17
Q

55% of blood, pale yellow liquid that surrounds the cell

A

Plasma

91% water
7% proteins
2% other

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18
Q

45% in the Blood

A

RBC or Erythrocytes

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19
Q

1% (leukocytes & thrombocytes)

A

Buffy Coat

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20
Q

3 Plasma Proteins

A

Albumin 58%
Globulins 38%
Fibrinogen 4%

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21
Q

helps immune system

38% in plasma proteins

A

Globulins

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22
Q

helps maintain water balance

58% in plasma proteins

A

Albumin

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23
Q

aids in clot formation

4% in plasma proteins

A

Fibrinogen

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24
Q

what are thw WBC?

A 
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
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25
Q

it is the process that produces formed elements

in fetus, it occurs in several tissues, liver, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and Red bone marrow

A

Hematopoiesis

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26
Q

synthesis of blood cells

A

hematopoiesis

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27
Q

synthesis of RBC?

A

erythropoiesis

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28
Q

T or F

after birth, hematopoiesis is confined primarily to red bone marrow, but some white blood cells are produced in LYMPHATIC TISSUES

A

True

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29
Q

all formed elements of blood are derived from a single population of cells called?

A

Stem Cell or Hemacytoblasts

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30
Q

T or F

stem cells differentiate to give RISE to DIFFERENT CELL LINES, each of which ends with the formation of a particular type of formed element

A

True

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31
Q

disk-shaped with thick edges that transport O2 to Tissues

nucleus is lost during development ( kaya it appear na lubog yung gitna kasi no nucleus)

A

RBC (120 days life)

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32
Q

main component of erythrocytes?

A

Hemoglobin

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33
Q

T or F

each globin is ATTACHED to a HEME Molecule
each heme CONTAINS 1 iron atom
02 binds to ion

therefore, Oxyhemoglobin is born

A

True

Oxyhemoglobin
-hemoglobind with Oxygen attached to it

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34
Q

1) ERYTHROPOIETIN stimulates red bone marrow to produce more erythrocytes
2) Increased Erythrocytes causes and INCREASE BLOOD OXYGEN Levels
3) decrease blood Oxygen levels causes kidney to INCREASE PRODUCTION of ERYTHOPOIETIN

arrange it by order

A

3,1,2

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35
Q

T or F

when there is an increase in RBC Production, There is a decrease in Blood Oxygen Levels

A

False

pag tumaas ang production ng RBC, tataas din yung Blood oxygen Levels

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36
Q

what removes and where does old RBC are removed?

A

they are removed bay macrophages in LIVER & SPLEEN

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37
Q

T or F

Old Erythrocytes and Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is broken down
Globin is broken down into aa
Hemoglobin’s iron is RECYCLED
Heme is converted in BILIRUBIN

BILIRUBIN - is taken up by liver and release into small intestine as part of bile

A

True

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38
Q

T or F

hemoglobin when broken down will form

HEME and Globin

39
Q

when Globin is broken down, what will produce?

40
Q

T or F

when Heme is broken down, it will produce bilirubin

A

True

it will form heme bilirubin and iron

41
Q

they lack in hemoglobin

A

Leukocytes

  • to fight infection
  • removes dead cells and debris by PHAGOCYTOSIS
42
Q

Which is the largest? RBC or WBC?

A

WBC it has nucleus undlike RBC

43
Q

this fights the infection

remove dead cells and debris by phagocytosis

44
Q

2 types of Leukocytes

A

Granulocytes
= Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

Agranulocytes
=Lymphocytes, Monocytes

45
Q

most common type of leukocytes

remains 1-12 hours

phagocytes

A

Neutrophils

46
Q

small sized WBC and produce macropanges

A

Lymphocytes

helps with (t cell.s and B cells)

47
Q

reduces inflammation

destroy parasites

A

Eosinopils

48
Q

immune system response

several different T cells and B cs

lipis production of anti bodies

A

WBC AGRANULATES

49
Q

minute fragment of cells, each consisting of a small amount of cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane

50
Q

platelets are formed in what?

A

Megakaryocytes

in red bone marrow

51
Q

T or F

Plasma play an important role in preventing Blood loss

A

FALSE

Platelets yun may role niyan

52
Q

T or F

Blood loss must be replace by production of new Blood cell or by a transfussion

53
Q

what prevents the blood loss/

A

Vascular Spasm
Platelet Plug
Blood clotting

54
Q

This is an intermediate but temporary constriction of BV that result when smooth muscle with a wall of the vessels contracts

A

Vascular spasm

55
Q

constriction can close small vessels completely and stop the flow of blood through them

A

Vascular Spasm

stimulates by chemicals released by cells of damage blood vessels wall and and platelets

56
Q

very important in maintaining the integrity of damaged BV

A

Platelet Plug

57
Q

T or F

there are a series of steps when it comes to platelet plugs, however, many of them occur at the different time

A

false kasi

marami sakanila ang oocur at the same time

58
Q

Platelet Plug steps

A

Platelet Adhesion -> Platelet Stick +collagen=platelet aggregation = Platelet Plug

59
Q

fibrinogen forms bridges between the fibrinogen receptors of numerous platelets, resulting in a platelet plug

A

Platelet Aggregation

60
Q

what is von willebrand factor?

A

it is when collagen and platelets are exposed

61
Q

chemicals released in platelet plug? that activated the platelets to be active

A

ADP, Thromboxane

62
Q

T or F

accumulation of mass of platelets resulting to platelet plug

63
Q

blood is transformed into gel

A

Blood Clotting

64
Q

network of thread-like proteins

65
Q

network of thread-like proteins called fibrin that traps the blood cells and the fluid

66
Q

Clotting Factors

A

-proteins in plasma
• only activated following injury
• made in liver
• requires vitamin K

67
Q

Step by step Blood Clot Formation

A
  1. Injury to a blood vessel causes inactive clotting factors to become
    activated due to exposed connective tissue or release of
    thromboplastin.
  2. Prothrombinase (clotting factor) is formed and acts upon prothrombin
  3. Prothrombin is switched to its active form thrombin
  4. Thrombin activates fibrinogen into its active form fibrin
  5. Fibrin forms a network that traps blood (clot)
68
Q

It prevents clots from forming

A

Anticoagulants

eg heparin, antithrombin

69
Q

T or F

Injury causes enough clotting factors to be activated that anticoagulants can’t work in that particular area of the body

70
Q

process of dissolving the clot

A

Fibrinolysis of the Fibrin

71
Q

condensing of clot

serum in plasma is squeezed out of a clot

helps enhance healing

A

Clot retraction

72
Q

AKA Plasma Protein

A

Plasminogen

73
Q

T or F

Plasmin breaks down fibrin
firinolysis happened

74
Q

it breaks down blood clot

75
Q

it is the clumping of blood cells

A

transfusion reaction/ aggulination

76
Q

molecules that are found in the surface of erythrocytes

77
Q

Proteins in plasma

78
Q

name according to antigen -yes

ABO

A

Blood groups

79
Q

2 types of antigen

A

Antigen A & B

80
Q

T or F

BLOOD TYPE O – has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies

81
Q

Antibodies against the antigens are usually present in the ___________

A

The plasma of the blood

82
Q

T or F

Type A can receive B, A,and O

A

true except B otherwise, it will cause agglutination

83
Q

T or F

Type O, since it is universal, it can receive all blood types

A

False

O lang dapat dzai

84
Q

Rh _______ means you have Rh antigens

A

Rh Blood Group

85
Q

This condition occurs when the mother produces anti-Rh antibodies that cross placenta and agglutination and hemolysis of fetal erythrocytes occurs

can be fatal to the fetus

A

hemolytic disease of newborn

can be prevented if the mother is treated with RhoGAM which
contains antibodies against the Rh antigens.

86
Q

provides information such as RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and
WBC count

A

complete blood count

87
Q

percentage of total blood volume composed of red blood cells

A

hematocrit

88
Q

determines the amount of hemoglobin and indicates anemia

A

hemoglobin

89
Q

– time it takes for blood to begin clotting

– 9 to 12 seconds

A

Prothrombin Time

90
Q

– total number of white blood cells

91
Q

determines the percentages of each 5 kinds of leukocytes

A

WBC Differential Count

Neutrophils: 60 to 70 %
Lymphocytes: 20 to 25 %
Monocytes: 3 To 8 %
Eosinophils: 2 To 4 %
Basophils: 0.5 To 1 %
92
Q
  • low white blood cell count

- caused by radiation, chemotherapy drugs, tumors, viral infections

A

leukopenia

93
Q
  • high white blood cell count

- caused by infections and leukemia

A

leukocytosis

Anaphy Lecture (15 decks)

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