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Anaphy Lecture > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

endo means

A

inside

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2
Q

krinein means

A

to shift and filter (when you filter you seperate)

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3
Q

what is endocrine system?

A

endocrine is the organs that secrete hormones that is release in bloodstream

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4
Q

9 endocrine Glands?

A 
P- ituitary
A-drenals
T-hyroid
P-ancreas
O-varies
T-hymus
T-Testis
P-arathyroid
P-ineal Gland
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5
Q

Posterior part of thyroid?

A

Parathyroids

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6
Q

aka master glands

A

Pituitary Gland

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7
Q

2 Function of pancreas

A

endocrine - secretion inside- insulin and glucagon

exocrine- digestive enzymes

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8
Q

on top of the kidneys: aka suprarenal

A

Adrenals

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9
Q

absorbs the glucose

A

insulin

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10
Q

release the stored glucose

A

glucagon in liver

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11
Q

produces and secretes thymosin

A

thymus gland

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12
Q

4 chemical messengers

A

autocrine, paracrine, neurotransmitter, endocrine

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13
Q

allow cell communicate to each other

A

chemical messenger

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14
Q

body fluid

ions, hormones, substances are being regulated

A

humoral regulation

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15
Q

allergic

A

paracrine

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16
Q

composed of endocrine glands and specialized endocrine cells located throughout the body

A

endocrine system

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17
Q

T or F Hormones travels through the general blood circulation to the target tissue or effectors

A

T

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18
Q

T or F Target tissue have receptors for a specific hormone

A

T

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19
Q

T or F Hormones produce a particular response in the target tissues

A

T

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20
Q

2 types of hormones in endocrine

A

WSH

LSH

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21
Q

most common hormone contains the protein, amino acid, peptides

A

WSH

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22
Q

Hormone that has steroids and eicosanoids

A

LSH

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23
Q

These are examples of Hormone? Growth hormone, Antidiuretic, prolactin

A

WSH

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24
Q

These are examples of Hormone? LH, FSH, Androgens

A

LSH

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25
Q

T or F - Hormone release can also be under neural control

A

T

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26
Q

Blood-borne chemicals can directly stimulate the release of some hormone

A

Humoral Stimuli - this circulates in the blood

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27
Q

action potential and neurons releases in?

A

Neurotransmitter and then to the Synapses

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28
Q

T or F Hormone release can’t be controlled by other hormones

A

F- Hormone release can control by other hormones

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29
Q

3 types of stimuli that can stimulate or inhibit release?

A

Humoral, Neural, Hormonal Regulations

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30
Q

Stimulates Osteoclast, bone destroyer

A

Parathormone or Parathyroid Hormone

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31
Q

When Blood Ca++ is Low?

A

Parathormone is release to Osteoclast

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32
Q

T or F when Osteoclast is released the calcium in blood DECREASES

A

F- Blood Calcium increases because of the bone being destroyed

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33
Q

When Blood Ca++ is High?

A

No PTH secretion that’s why Ca++ in Blood DECREASES

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34
Q

Does Posterior Pituitary gland create its own hormone?

A

no- but they have hormone given by the hypothalamus

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35
Q

Controls the pituitary gland

A

Hypothalamus

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36
Q

Neurons in the hypothalamus releases stimulatory hormones called?

A

Release Hormones

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37
Q

Pathway of Hormones?

A

E-ndocrine
H-ormone
T-arget cell
T-arget tissue

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38
Q

near sensory nerve anesthesia

A

Local Anesthesia

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39
Q

T or F

companion hormones performs and opposite function

A

T

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40
Q

What hormone does adrenal cortex secretes?

A

Aldosterone, cortisol, androgens

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41
Q

Hormone released to lower the heart atria?

A

atrial natriuretic peptide

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42
Q

T or F thyroid hormones can control their own blood levels

A

T

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43
Q

2 major mechanism maintain hormone levels in the homeostatic range?

A

Positive and Negative Feedback

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44
Q

hormone regulation by tropic hormone action

A

Positive Feedback

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45
Q

Hormone secretion is inhibited by the hormone itself?

A

Negative Feedback

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46
Q

Tropic Hormone is released by

A

Anterior PG

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47
Q

receptor molecule where hormone binds

A

receptor site

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48
Q

Receptor site allowing only one hormone to bind to it

A

specificity

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49
Q

hormone that can bind to a “family” of receptors that are structurally similar

A

epinephrine

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50
Q

Hormones bind to nuclear receptors

A

Lipid Soluble Hormone

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51
Q

Hormones bind to membrane bound receptors

A

Water Soluble Hormone

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52
Q

small gland in brain that is controlled by the hypothalamus

A

Pituitary gland

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53
Q

2 regions of pituitary Gland

A

Anterior and the Posterior

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54
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland secretes?

A 
P-rolactin
A-drenocorticotropic
M-elanocyte Stimulating H.
G-rowth H.
G-onadotrophic H.
T-hyroid Stimulating H.
55
Q

Hormones in mammary gland?

A

Prolactin

56
Q

Hormones in the skin?

A

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

57
Q

Hormones in the bone?

A

Growth Hormone

58
Q

Hormones in the Adrenal Cortex

A

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone

59
Q

Hormones in the thyroid?

A

Thyriod stimulating Hormone

60
Q

Hormones in the ovary and testes?

A

Gonadotrophic Hormone (FSH&LH)

61
Q

Posteriors Pituitary Hormones given by the hypothalamus since it can’t create it’s own hormone?

A

O-xytocin

A-ntidiuretic hormones

62
Q

Hormones found in kidney?

A

Antidiuretic Hormone?

63
Q

Hormones found in mammary gland and uterus smooth muscles?

A

Oxytocin

64
Q

differentiation of releasing hormone to inhibiting hormone?

A

RH- stimulates the production of hormone

IH- decrease the specific ap hormone

65
Q

Target Tissue of Growth H?

A

most of all

bones, muscles and organs

66
Q

Target Tissue of TSH?

A

Thyroid Gland

67
Q

Gonadotrophic Hormone:

Promotes ovulation and progesterone production in females and Sperm production and testosterone in Male

A

Luteinizing Hormone

68
Q

Gonadotrophin Hormone:

follicle maturation and estrogen secretion in females and seminiferous tubules (testes) in male

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

69
Q

Target Tissues mammary glands and ovaries Milk Production

A

Prolactin

70
Q

Melanocyte in the skin. stimulate melanin production in melanocytes

A

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

71
Q

Cells of Adrenal Cortex. stimulates production of corticosteroids

A

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone

72
Q

Kidneys. conserves water

A

Antidiuretic Hormone

73
Q

uterus. increase uterine contractions during labor

A

Oxytocin

74
Q

one of the largest gland

A

Thyroid gland- iodine to function

75
Q

Thyroid Hormone secretes 2?

A

Thyroid Hormone and Calcitonin

76
Q

decrease metabolism

A

Hypothyroidism

77
Q

increase metabolism

A

Hyperthyroidism

78
Q

target tissue: bones and kidneys

regulates the Ca++ levels

A

parathyroid hormone

79
Q

Adrenal medulla hormones?

A

epinephrine/norephinephrine

80
Q

Target tissue: heart blood vessels, liver fat cells

part of fight or flight response

A

Adrenal Medulla

81
Q

Adrenal cortext hormone

A

aldosterone is a type of mineralocorticoids in kidneys

82
Q

type of glucocorticoids, breakdown of fat and protein for energy reducess inflammatory

A

Cortisol

83
Q

sex drives for female and secondary sexual in males

A

Androgens

84
Q

mixed gland with an exocrine and endocrine

A

pancreas

85
Q

secrete glucagon

A

these are all under the endocrine emerut

Alpha cells

86
Q

secrete insulin

A

Beta cells

87
Q

secret somatostatin

A

Delta cells

88
Q

Hormones regulates the Blood Levels

A

insulin and glucagon

89
Q

liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue

regulates blood glucose AFTER MEAL

A

Insulin

90
Q

reserved glucose

A

glycogen

91
Q

target tissue: liver regulates blood glucose levels BEFORE MEAL

A

Glucagon

92
Q

sperm and reproductive organ development and function

A

testosterone

93
Q

menstrual cycle mammary gland development and uterine

A

estrogen and progesterone

94
Q

immune system tissues development and function

A

thymosin in thymus gland

95
Q

target tissue : hypothalamus. onset puberty and control circadian rhythms
LIGHT AFFECTS ITS FUNCTIONS

A

Pineal Gland: Melatonin

96
Q

supresses action p. and it works in local areas

A

local anesthetsia

97
Q

provide info about body and environment

A

somatic

98
Q

taste cell has TASTE HAIRS that extend into Taste pores

A

TRUUE

99
Q

Types of Tastes 5?

A

Sweet, Salt, Sour, Bitter, Umami

100
Q

we can detect _____ smelss

A

10,000

101
Q

5 types of receptors

A 
M-echanoreceptors
C-hemoreceptors
P-hotoreceptors
T-hermoreceptors
N-ociceptors
102
Q

taste buds have ______ taste cells

A

40

103
Q

sensory nerve endings that responds to stimuli by developing action potentials

A

sensory receptors

104
Q

loss of consciousness and chemical affect reticular formation

A

general anesthetsia

105
Q

protects from sweat and shade from sun

A

Eyebrow

106
Q

light touch and pressure

A

merkel’s disk

107
Q

sharp, pricking and cutting pain with rapid action potential

A

Localized pain

108
Q

made up of epithelial cells derived from and embryonic oral cavity

A

anterior pituitary

109
Q

increase metabolic rates, essential for normal process of growth and maturation

A

Thyroid Gland: Thyroid hormones (thyroxine, triodothyronine)

110
Q

increase skin pigmentations, increase secretion of glucocorticoid hormones such as cortisol

A

Adrenal Cortex: Andrenocorticotropic Hormone

111
Q

hormones exert action by binding to proteins

A

receptors

112
Q

pituitary gland is also known as

A

hypohysis

113
Q

extension of brain composed of nerve cells

A

posterior pituitary gland

114
Q

decrease rate of bone breakdown

A

calcitonin

115
Q

Stalk that connects pituitary gland and hypothalamus

A

infundibulum

116
Q

Blood levels of stimuli

A

Humoral stimuli

117
Q

activates an adjacent cell

A

neurotransmitter

118
Q

during infection wbc

A

autocrine

119
Q

Insignificant in males: increase female sexual drive, growth of pubic and axillary hair

A

Adrenal androgens

120
Q

what connects the anterior pituitary gland?

A

hypothalamic hypoficial Portal system

121
Q

what connects the posterior pituitary gland?

A

hypothalamic hypoficila tract

122
Q

portal system has 2

A

capillary network

123
Q

to RAISE blood pressure

A

aldosterone

124
Q

to LOWER blood pressure

A

atrial natriuretic peptide

125
Q

T or F

H2O is 70% in human body

A

True

126
Q

is it only in the surface of cell where we can find receptors?

A

No, it can also be found in cytoplasm and nuclei membrane

127
Q

involves the blood/body fluid

like ions, hormones, substance are being regulated

A

Humoral Regulation

128
Q

Sympathetic NS of Autonomic NS

epinephrine is involved
the flight or flight system

A

Neural Regulation

129
Q

regulated by another hormone

A

Hormonal Regulation

130
Q

T or F

whatever hormone is released it will go to Blood Stream then capillary then it will bind to the receptor

A

True

pag walang receptor there will be no bonding gonna happen

131
Q

T or F

Water Soluble can pass through cell membrane and binds to cytoplasm or nucleus

A

FALSE

Water Soluble cant pass through in Cell Membrane only Lipid Soluble

kasi yung surface ng cell membrane is made up of bilipid pag pumasok yung water irerefract niya lang

132
Q

T or F

does female have testosterone?

A

True

they are called the Adrenal Cortex

133
Q

T or F

does male have adrenal cortex?

A

True

although meron pero minimal lang kasi meron na silang testosterone

Anaphy Lecture (15 decks)

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