Heart Flashcards
What are the main blood vessels in the cardiovascular system?
Carotid Artery Jagular Vein Aorta Pulmonary Trunk Heart Brachial Artery Inferior Vena Cava Femoral Artery and Vein
Cardiovascular System Components?
Heart, Blood, Blood Vessels
how many liters of blood do we have?
5L
the heart’s right side pumping to the LUNGS and back to the left side of the heart through vessels is the??
Pulmonary Circulation
The left side of the heart pumps blood to all other tissues of the body and back to the right side of the heart is the?
Systemic Circulation
what is the size of the heart?
size of fist and less than 1lb
where is heart located?
in between lungs in thoracic cavity
what is the orientation of the heart?
Apex towards left side
double layers sac that protects and anchors the heart?
Pericardium
membrane around the cavity of heart
parietal pericardium
membrane on the heart’s surface
visceral pericardium
space around the heart
Pericardial cavity
how many pulmonary veins does carry blood into the left atrium?
4
veins that carries blood from the right atrium
SVC and IVC
groove that separates atria from ventricles
coronary sulcus
4 chambers of the heart
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
these are the superior chambers
“HOLDING CHAMBERS)
thin-walled that contracts minimally to push blood into the ventricles
Left and Right atria
separates the blood from the right atrium to the left atrium
interatrial Septum
inferior chambers
“PUMPING CHAMBERS”
thick, strong-walled and contracts forcefully to send blood out of the heart
Ventricles
separates the left and right ventricles
interventricular septum
2 valves in the heart
Tricuspid Valve
Bicuspid Valve
AV Valves between RA and RV?
Tricuspid (3 cusp)
AV Valves between LA and LV?
Bicuspid Valve (2 cusp) Mitral Valve
each ventricle contains cone-shaped called?
Papillary Muscle
muxcle in the heart?
myocardium
muscles of papillary Muscle is attached to
Chordae Tendineae
T or F
when the ventricles contract, the papillary muscle also contracts that prevent the valves from opening into the atria by pulling Chordae Tendineae attached Valves cusp
True
tendons in atrioventricular valves?
Chordae tendineae
have 3 half-moon shaped cusp
semilunar valves
Right Ventricles to Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Valve
between LV and Aorta
Aortic Valve
connective tissue plate that acts as electrical insulator to atria and ventricles and provides rigid attachment site for cardiac muscle
Cardiac Skeleton or Fibrous Skeleton
Blood Flow through the Heart
SVC and IVC RA Tricuspid Valve RV Pulmonary Semilunar Valve Pulmonary Trunk Pulmonary Arteries Lungs Pulmonary Veins LA Bicuspid Valve LV Aortic Semilunar Valve Aorta throughout the body
supply blood to the heart
coronary artery
drains the blood from the cardiac muscle
parallel to coronary artery
drains the blood into the coronary sinus
coronary sinus -> RA
Cardiac veins
pacemaker of the heart
sinoatrial node
heart wall is composed of
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
surface of the heart
epicardium
thick middle layer composed of cardiac muscles
myocardium
smooth inner surface of the heart
endocardium
T or F
cardiac muscle has 3 nucleus
False
1 lang
T or F
cardiac muscles is branching muscles, rich in mitochondria, and striated (actin and myosin)
intercalated disc- connects the cell
True
The cardiac muscle action potential is called?
pacemaker potential
depolarization
plateau
repolarization
Na channels open
Ca channels open
depolarization phase
Na channels open
Some K channels open
Ca channels still open
Plateau Phase
K channels open
Ca channels closed
repolarization phase
muscle where ap it takes 2msec
skeletal muscle
muscle where ap takes 200-500msec
cardiac muscles
T or f
skeletal muscle have plateau phase
False
cardiac muscle lang
Conduction System of the Heart? what are those
sinoatrial node atrioventricularar node atrioventricular bundle or the bundle of his R and L bundle branches Purkinje Fibres
where ap originates
ra
Large number of Ca Channels
Sinoatrial node
located in the lower portion of RA
Atrioventricular Node
T or F
Slow conduction of AP in the heart allows the atria to complete their contraction before action potentials are delivered to ventricles
True
T or F
Purkinje Fibers pass to the apex of the heart and then extended to the cardiac muscle of the ventricular walls
True
records the electrical events in the heart
ECG or EKG
electrocardiodiagram
depolarization of atria
P wave
depolarization of ventricles
QRS waves
repolarization of ventricles
T wave
all events that occur in one single heartbeat is called?
Cardiac Cycle
primer pumps
actual pumps
atria
ventricles
the mechanism in nervous system the plays an important role in heart function:
monitor the blood pressure in the aorta and carotid
frequency in AP
medulla oblongata
Baroreceptor Reflex
T or F
chemoreceptors- chemicals can affect the heart rate and stroke volume
True
disease cause by decreased blood supply to the heart
coronary arteries are narrowed
Coronary Artery Disease
AKA Heart Attack
closure of 1 or more coronary arteries lacking blood supply
Myocardial Infarction
heart procedure that opens a blocks BV
Angioplasty
structures are inserted to the blood vessels to keep it open
Stent
reroutes the blood away from blocked arteries
Bypass
ability to generate an electric impulse automatically
Automaticity
ability to pass impulse to the next cell
Conductivity
ability to shorten the fibers in the heart when receiving signals
Contractility
the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle over 1 minute
Cardiac Output
formula of cardiac output
CO= Stroke volume X heart rate
amount of blood ejected from the heart every heart beat
Stroke Volume
number of times heart contracts in a minute
Heart Rate
stretching of muscle fibers in the ventricle
Preload
cardiac muscles shorten
Contractility
the further the muscles the greater the contraction will be
Frank-Starling Law
